1,437 research outputs found
Stochastic integrals for spde's: a comparison
We present the Walsh theory of stochastic integrals with respect to
martingale measures, alongside of the Da Prato and Zabczyk theory of stochastic
integrals with respect to Hilbert-space-valued Wiener processes and some other
approaches to stochastic integration, and we explore the links between these
theories. We then show how each theory can be used to study stochastic partial
differential equations, with an emphasis on the stochastic heat and wave
equations driven by spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise that is white in time.
We compare the solutions produced by the different theories
All bipartite entangled states display some hidden nonlocality
We show that a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality
can be demonstrated in a certain kind of Bell experiment for all bipartite
entangled states. Our protocol allows local filtering measurements and involves
shared ancilla states that do not themselves violate CHSH. Our result follows
from two main steps. We first provide a simple characterization of the states
that violate the CHSH-inequality after local filtering operations in terms of
witness-like operators. Second, we prove that for each entangled state
, there exists another state not violating CHSH, such that
violates CHSH. Hence, in this scenario, cannot be
substituted by classical correlations without changing the statistics of the
experiment; we say that is not simulable by classical correlations and
our result is that entanglement is equivalent to non-simulability.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
From Bell's Theorem to Secure Quantum Key Distribution
Any Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol consists first of sequences of
measurements that produce some correlation between classical data. We show that
these correlation data must violate some Bell inequality in order to contain
distillable secrecy, if not they could be produced by quantum measurements
performed on a separable state of larger dimension. We introduce a new QKD
protocol and prove its security against any individual attack by an adversary
only limited by the no-signaling condition.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, REVTEX
More than an adaptor molecule: The emerging role of tRNA in cell signaling and disease
This FEBS Letters âFOCUS ONâ series of short reviews on tRNA captures the essence of the Barcelona BioMed Conference on Gene Translation: Fidelity and Quality Control, which was held at the Institut dâEstudis Catalans in Barcelona on December 2â4, 2013. This meeting was powered by the dramatic resurgence of interest in tRNA biochemistry following the realization that tRNA is much more than a simple adaptor of the genetic code
The association between unemployment trajectories and alcohol consumption patterns. Evidence from a large prospective cohort in The Netherlands
Unemployment is expected to influence alcohol consumption, but studies show mixed results, partly because most studies concentrate on current employment status. However, unemployment could be particularly consequential if it is part of a trajectory of employment precariousness. Moreover, the association between unemployment and alcohol consumption may not be homogeneous across the population, but differ by subgroups (e.g. socioeconomic status). This study longitudinally analyses the association between different employment trajectories and alcohol consumption, and examines if the association is moderated by socioeconomic status (SES), partner status, age and gender. Four waves of data of the Lifelines Cohort study are used. Sample consists of individuals from 18-50 years old, active in the labor market (n = 104,766) from the northern provinces of the Netherlands. Employment trajectories are defined by employment status in each wave, duration of unemployment, and number of exposures to unemployment. Drinking patterns are divided into "abstainers", "moderate drinking" (1.5 drinks/day) and "binge drinking" (>5 drinks/occasion; 4 for women). The associations are estimated with multinomial logistic regression models. Results show that recent, long-term unemployment (> 6 months) is associated with higher rates of heavy drinking (RRR = 1.26 [95 % CI 1.03-1.54]), whereas short-term unemployment does not show any association with the outcome. Being continuously unemployed throughout the observation period shows a strong association with binge drinking (RRR = 1.43 [95 % CI 1.06-1.93]), as well as reporting 2 or more long unemployment spells (RRR = 1.49 [95 % CI 1.21-1.83]). The group of abstainers (77.95 % women) have significantly lower SES, and poorer health than their peers. For some individuals, recent unemployment increases the likelihood for abstinence (RRR = 1.23 [95 % CI 1.00-1.51]). Evidence suggests that length of unemployment is key in order to grasp its effects in terms of changing drinking patterns
Spatiotemporal discrete multicolor solitons
We have found various families of two-dimensional spatiotemporal solitons in
quadratically nonlinear waveguide arrays. The families of unstaggered odd, even
and twisted stationary solutions are thoroughly characterized and their
stability against perturbations is investigated. We show that the twisted and
even solutions display instability, while most of the odd solitons show
remarkable stability upon evolution.Comment: 18 pages,7 figures. To appear in Physical Review
Enhanced soliton interactions by inhomogeneous nonlocality and nonlinearity
We address the interactions between optical solitons in the system with
longitudinally varying nonlocality degree and nonlinearity strength. We
consider a physical model describing light propagation in nematic liquid
crystals featuring a strongly nonlocal nonlinear response. We reveal that the
variation of the nonlocality and nonlinearity along the propagation direction
can substantially enhance or weaken the interaction between out-of-phase
solitons. This phenomenon manifests itself as a slowdown or acceleration of the
soliton collision dynamics in one-dimensional geometries or of the soliton
spiraling rate in bulk media. Therefore, one finds that by engineering the
nonlocality and nonlinearity variation rate one can control the output soliton
location.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review
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