Diets based on virgin olive oil or fish oil but not on sunflower oil prevent age-related alvolar bone resorption by mitochondrial-related mechanisms

Background/Objectives: Aging enhances frequency of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases or periodontitis. Here we reproduced an age-dependent model of the periodontium, a fully physiological approach to periodontal conditions, to evaluate the impact of dietary fat type on gingival tissue of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats.Methods/Findings: Animals were fed life-long on diets based on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as virgin olive oil, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA), as sunflower oil, or n-3PUFA, as fish oil. Age-related alveolar bone loss was higher in n-6PUFA fed rats, probably as a consequence of the ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Gene expression analysis suggests that MUFA or n-3PUFA allowed mitochondria to maintain an adequate turnover through induction of biogenesis, autophagy and the antioxidant systems, and avoiding mitochondrial electron transport system alterations.Conclusions: The main finding is that the enhanced alveolar bone loss associated to age may be targeted by an appropriate dietary treatment. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are related with an ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Thus, MUFA or n-3PUFA might allow mitochondrial maintaining turnover through biogenesis or autophagy. They might also be able to induce the corresponding antioxidant systems to counteract age-related oxidative stress, and do not inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain. From the nutritional and clinical point of view, it is noteworthy that the potential treatments to attenuate alveolar bone loss (a feature of periodontal disease) associated to age could be similar to some of the proposed for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a group of pathologies recently associated with age-related periodontitis.This study was supported by I+D grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2008-01057) and the Autonomous Government of Andalusia (AGR832)

Single Versus Multiple Hyperbaric Sessions for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Murine Model

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated for treatment of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. There exists considerable debate as to whether HBO prevents delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) due to CO poisoning. Additionally, existing data in the literature supporting HBO efficacy do not identify an optimal number of HBO treatments. We sought to determine in a mouse model whether there is a difference between one versus multiple HBO sessions for the prevention of DNS. Fifty mice were randomized into five groups of ten mice each: (1) control, receiving no CO exposure or treatment; (2) CO poisoned, receiving no treatment (CO group); (3) CO poisoned, receiving normobaric oxygen for 58 min following the end of exposure (CO + NBO group); (4) CO poisoned, followed by one session of HBO(CO + HBO1); and (5) CO poisoned, followed by three HBO treatment sessions, one every 6 h (CO + HBO3). Prior to poisoning, all animals were trained in step-down latency (SDL) and step-up latency (SUL) tasks. One week after exposure and treatment, all five groups were retested to evaluate the retention of this training. There was no difference detected among groups in SDL (p = 0.67 among all groups) when evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test. There was a significant difference among groups in SUL (p = 0.027 among all groups) when evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test. When individual groups were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction, there were no statistically significant differences in either SDL or SUL. There was no difference between groups treated with either one or three HBO sessions. One possibility to explain this might be that HBO sessions administered some time after a CO exposure may enhance the lipid peroxidation cascade and worsen neurologic outcomes; alternatively, HBO may simply impart no benefit when compared to NBO

Differences in the Binding Affinities of ErbB Family: Heterogeneity in the Prediction of Resistance Mutants

10.1371/journal.pone.0077054PLoS ONE810-POLN