Arthroscopic Identification of Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are among the most common challenges faced by orthopaedic surgeons today. The ability to adequately manage these injuries depends on identifying their full extent during arthroscopic evaluation. There are many ways to fully visualize these tears, including arm positioning and gentle debridement. The purpose of this article is to highlight several tips and techniques to enable full visualization of partial-thickness rotator cuff tears to determine appropriate treatment

Chapter 3. Communication and Environmental Health in Critical American Approaches

International audienceThis chapter presents a review of research on environmental health communication conducted by American researchers on their territory. We have tried to reflect the current trend of critical orientation research in American literature dealing with communication on environmental health issues. Attention has been focused on scientific work with a critical orientation that focuses on the social conditions of health in relation to living spaces, the latter being associated with residence and work. This abundant research is characterized by wide dispersion and marginalization within the majority of post-positivist research. However, as a common good, environmental health requires the consideration of all stakeholders. The articles highlight the value of studying it as a political issue within the current debate in the public arena

Performance of a low-noise test facility for the SAFARI TES bolometer arrays

We have constructed a test facility for characterizing the focal plane arrays of SAFARI, the far-infrared imaging spectrometer for the SPICA satellite. SAFARI’s three bolometer arrays are populated with extremely sensitive (NEP ? 2 × 10?19 W/? Hz) transition edge sensors with a transition temperature close to 100 mK. The extreme sensitivity and low saturation power (?4 fW) of SAFARI’s detectors present challenges to characterizing them. In optimizing the SAFARI Detector System Test Facility we have paid careful attention to stray-light exclusion as well as electrical, magnetic, and mechanical isolation.We present measurements verifying the facility’s performance and analyze them in terms of a two-fluid model of the TES current on the transition to investigate the background power level. We have measured a detector NEP of (5.1 ± 0.4) × 10?19 WHz?1/2, showing that the facility is ready to test the SAFARI prototype arrays and is approaching the performance needed for testing the flight arrays.Kavli Institute of NanoScienceApplied Science

Níveis de proteína bruta na dieta após o desmame e desempenho em leitões Crude protein levels in the post-weaning diets and performance in piglets

Foram comparados três níveis de proteína, com leitões desmamados aos 29 dias de idade, no período de 0 a 15 dias após o desmame. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1- dieta testemunha, com 20% de proteína bruta (PB); T2 - dieta com 18% PB; T3 - dieta com 16% PB. As dietas eram isolisínicas com 1,15% de lisina. Durante a fase de aleitamento foi fornecida uma dieta pré-inicial a todos os leitões, a partir do sétimo dia de vida. De 16 a 36 dias após o desmame, foi fornecida uma dieta com 18% de PB a todos os leitões. A redução do nível de PB da dieta para 18% ou 16% não afetou (P>0,10) o desempenho dos leitões em nenhum dos períodos estudados e reduziu (P<0,01) a incidência e severidade da diarréia. Concluiu-se que a redução do nível de PB e da proporção do farelo de soja na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 29 dias de idade, acompanhada de suplementação com lisina, por 15 dias após o desmame, pode proporcionar redução na incidência e severidade da diarréia, sem afetar o desempenho.<br>Three crude protein levels were compared with weaning piglets (29 days of age), in the period from 0 to 15 days post-weaning. The treatments compared were: T1- control diet, 20% crude protein (CP); T2 - 18% CP diet; T3 - 16% CP diet. Diets were isolisinic, containing 1,15% total lysine. During the weanling phase a pre-starter diet was fed to all piglets, from seventh day of age. An 18% CP diet was fed to all piglets, from 16 to 36 days post-weaning. The reduction of CP level in the diet to 18% or 16% did not affect (P>0,10) the performance of piglets in any of the studied periods and it decreased (P<0,01) the incidence and severity of diarrhea. It was concluded that the reduction in the crude protein level and in the proportion of soybean meal on the diet for piglets weaned at 29 days, fortified with lysine, fed for 15 days post-weaning, decrease the incidence and severity of diarrhea, and not decrease the performance

Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact.

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a "Green List of Species" (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species' progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species' viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species' recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard

Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate

The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea–ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities’.&lt;/jats:p&gt

Whole-exome sequencing and clinical interpretation of FFPE tumor samples to guide precision cancer medicine Whole-exome sequencing and clinical interpretation of FFPE tumor samples to guide precision cancer medicine Corresponding Authors

. &quot;Whole-exome sequencing and clinical interpretation of FFPE tumor samples to guide precision cancer medicine.&quot; Nature medicine 20 Disclosures: Dr. Garraway and Dr. Wagle are equity holders and consultants in Foundation Medicine. Dr. Garraway is a consultant to Novartis, Millenium/Takeda, and Boehringer Ingelheim, and a recipient of a grant from Novartis. Dr. Getz is a consultant to The Kew Group. Dr. Barbie is a consultant to N-of-1. NIH Public Acces