10 research outputs found

    Community-Based Wetland Conservation Protects Endangered Species in Madagascar: Lessons from Science and Conservation

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    Survival                of the Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides) is threatened by habitat loss. Of a population estimated at 100-120 breeding pairs, 10 pairs breed on three adjacent lakes in western Madagascar.  Fishing on the lakes is the main livelihood of local Sakalava people. From 1991 through 1995 we documented a massive              influx of migrant fishermen who abused local traditional resource extraction rules and threatened the livelihood of local inhabitants, as well as the survival of one of the world’s most endangered eagles. Migrants’ economic incentive was strong. In 1995 per capita income from fishing was about USD1500 for the six-month season, about 7.5 times the national annual average. Fish stocks were rapidly diminished through the fishing season as catches diminished to the point where fishermen gave   up fishing before the end of the season. Fish stocks were lowest when Madagascar fish eagle nestlings fledged, affecting annual productivity. The most serious impact of fishermen may be on the lake-side forest, which was used as a source of dugout canoes and wood to fuel fishdrying fires. To conserve this important breeding site we worked with the local community to enhance and enforce traditional resource utilization rules that helped    prevent                loss of fish eagle breeding habitat, reduce nest site disturbance, and sustain prey availability. We used a 1996 law to empower communities to control natural resource use by creating two community associations with authority to enforce local rules. We helped the associations become               effective through training, advice, logistical, and scientific support

    Variation de la Durée de Vie de Furcifer labordi en Fonction de Certains Facteurs dans la Réserve Spéciale d’Andranomena, Morondava, Madagascar

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    L’espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on Furcifer labordi, bien connue pour son cycle biologique le plus court parmi les vertĂ©brĂ©s est distribuĂ©e dans la forĂŞt sèche du Sud-ouest de Madagascar entre les deux fleuves, Tsiribihina et Fiherenana. Toutefois, sa longĂ©vitĂ© varie selon la latitude. Les facteurs extrinsèques Ă  l’origine de cette variation ne sont pas encore dĂ©terminĂ©s. Des Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es dans la RĂ©serve SpĂ©ciale d’Andranomena afin d’explorer les paramètres Ă©cologiques dĂ©terminant cette longĂ©vitĂ©. Des variables Ă©cologiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s dans la forĂŞt relativement intacte et en rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de fĂ©vrier en juin 2020. L’investigation a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©sence d'un groupe particulier d'insectes ainsi que les caractĂ©ristiques de microhabitat, Ă  savoir les couvertures de la canopĂ©e, le recouvrement et l’épaisseur de la litière et la densitĂ© d’arbres de plus de 1 m de hauteur ont une influence sur la longĂ©vitĂ© de cette espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on. Par contre, aucune influence n’a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e par la perturbation de l'habitat, l’abondance de prĂ©dateur comme les rapaces et la prĂ©sence d’un serpent prĂ©dateur.   The chameleon species Furcifer labordi, well known for its shortest life cycle among vertebrates, is distributed in the dry forest of southwestern Madagascar between Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. However, this longevity varies according to latitude. The extrinsic factors responsible for this variation have not been yet identified. Studies have been carried out in the Andranomena Special Reserve to explore the ecological parameters determining this longevity. Ecological variables were collected in the relativity intact and regenerating forest from February to June 2020. The investigation revealed that the presence of a particular group of insects as well as the microhabitat characteristics including canopy covers, leaf litter cover and thickness as well as tree density greater than 1 m in height have an influence on the longevity of this chameleon species. On the other hand, no influence was observed by habitat disturbance, the abundance of predators such as raptors and the presence of a predatory snake

    Variation Longitudinale de Longévité de Furcifer Labordi et Analyse de Facteurs à l’Origine de sa Longue Durée de vie dans la Réserve Spéciale d’Andranomena-Morondava, Madagascar

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    L’espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on Furcifer labordi, bien connue pour son cycle biologique le plus court parmi les vertĂ©brĂ©s est distribuĂ©e dans la forĂŞt sèche du Sud-ouest de Madagascar entre les deux fleuves, Tsiribihina et Fiherenana. Toutefois, sa longĂ©vitĂ© varie selon l’axe latitudinal. La population du nord, Ă  Kirindy est capable de vivre plus longtemps que celle de la partie sud, Ă  Ranobe. Les facteurs extrinsèques Ă  l’origine de cette variation ne sont pas encore dĂ©terminĂ©s. Nous avons menĂ© des Ă©tudes dans la RĂ©serve SpĂ©ciale d’Andranomena afin d’explorer les paramètres Ă©cologiques dĂ©terminant cette longĂ©vitĂ©. L’investigation a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©sence d'un groupe particulier d'insectes ainsi que les caractĂ©ristiques de microhabitat, Ă  savoir les couvertures de la canopĂ©e, le recouvrement et l’épaisseur de la litière et la densitĂ© d’arbres de plus de 1 m de hauteur ont une influence sur la longĂ©vitĂ© de cette espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on. Par contre, aucune influence n’a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e par la perturbation de l'habitat, l’abondance de prĂ©dateur comme les rapaces et la prĂ©sence d’un serpent prĂ©dateur.   The chameleon species Furcifer labordi, well known for its shortest life cycle among vertebrates, is distributed in the dry forest of southwestern Madagascar between Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. However, this longevity varies along a latitudinal axis. The population in the north, in Kirindy, is able to live longer than that in the southern part, in Ranobe. The extrinsic factors responsible for this variation have not been yet identified. We have carried out studies in the Andranomena Special Reserve to explore the ecological parameters determining this longevity. The investigation revealed that the presence of a particular group of insects as well as the microhabitat characteristics including canopy covers, leaf litter cover and thickness as well as tree density greater than 1 m in height have an influence on the longevity of this chameleon species. On the other hand, no influence was observed by habitat disturbance, the abundance of predators such as raptors and the presence of a predatory snake

    Variation Longitudinale de Longévité de Furcifer Labordi et Analyse de Facteurs à l’Origine de sa Longue Durée de vie dans la Réserve Spéciale d’Andranomena-Morondava, Madagascar

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    L’espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on Furcifer labordi, bien connue pour son cycle biologique le plus court parmi les vertĂ©brĂ©s est distribuĂ©e dans la forĂŞt sèche du Sud-ouest de Madagascar entre les deux fleuves, Tsiribihina et Fiherenana. Toutefois, sa longĂ©vitĂ© varie selon l’axe latitudinal. La population du nord, Ă  Kirindy est capable de vivre plus longtemps que celle de la partie sud, Ă  Ranobe. Les facteurs extrinsèques Ă  l’origine de cette variation ne sont pas encore dĂ©terminĂ©s. Nous avons menĂ© des Ă©tudes dans la RĂ©serve SpĂ©ciale d’Andranomena afin d’explorer les paramètres Ă©cologiques dĂ©terminant cette longĂ©vitĂ©. L’investigation a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que la prĂ©sence d'un groupe particulier d'insectes ainsi que les caractĂ©ristiques de microhabitat, Ă  savoir les couvertures de la canopĂ©e, le recouvrement et l’épaisseur de la litière et la densitĂ© d’arbres de plus de 1 m de hauteur ont une influence sur la longĂ©vitĂ© de cette espèce de camĂ©lĂ©on. Par contre, aucune influence n’a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©e par la perturbation de l'habitat, l’abondance de prĂ©dateur comme les rapaces et la prĂ©sence d’un serpent prĂ©dateur.   The chameleon species Furcifer labordi, well known for its shortest life cycle among vertebrates, is distributed in the dry forest of southwestern Madagascar between Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. However, this longevity varies along a latitudinal axis. The population in the north, in Kirindy, is able to live longer than that in the southern part, in Ranobe. The extrinsic factors responsible for this variation have not been yet identified. We have carried out studies in the Andranomena Special Reserve to explore the ecological parameters determining this longevity. The investigation revealed that the presence of a particular group of insects as well as the microhabitat characteristics including canopy covers, leaf litter cover and thickness as well as tree density greater than 1 m in height have an influence on the longevity of this chameleon species. On the other hand, no influence was observed by habitat disturbance, the abundance of predators such as raptors and the presence of a predatory snake

    Analyse Satiale de Population de Furcifer labordi dans la Reserve Spéciale d’Andranomena, Morondava-Madagascar

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    Furcifer labordi est une espèce de camĂ©lĂ©ons uniquement connue dans quelques localitĂ©s de la partie occidentale de Madagascar. Son aire de distribution est restreinte entre les fleuves Tsiribihina et Fiherenana.  Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© des recherches pour comprendre sa distribution Ă©cologique et spatiale dans la Reserve SpĂ©ciale d’Andranomena. Des investigations ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es dans les habitats proche et loin de cours d’eau, Ă  la lisière et l’intĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt et dans la forĂŞt relativement intacte et celle en rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Nos rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que cette espèce se rĂ©partit uniformĂ©ment dans les diffĂ©rents types d’habitats. Autrement dit, sa distribution horizontale n’est pas influencĂ©e ni par la dĂ©gradation de l’habitat, ni par le cours d’eau. La couverture de la canopĂ©e et la repartition des plantes selon la hauteur de l’extĂ©rieur vers l’itĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt sont des paramètres qui influencent cette distribution horizontale. Les oiseaux (six espèces) et les serpents (quatre espèces) prĂ©dateurs ne provoquent pas de perturbation sur F. labordi et n’influencent pas sa distribution horizontale. Cette dernière n’est pas aussi influencĂ©e par l’abondance en insectes disponibles. La hauteur du perchoir utilisĂ© varie beaucoup, elle n’est pas cependant liĂ©e, ni Ă  la classe d’âge ni au sexe. F. labordi ne prĂ©sente en gĂ©nĂ©ral aucune prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière quant au choix de plante utilisĂ©e comme perchoir. Il en est de mĂŞme pour la hauteur et les DHP de plantes perchoirs. L’espèce emploie similairement les parties des plantes disponibles et ne prĂ©sente pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière. Toutes les classes d’âges ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es et ne prĂ©sentent pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière en terme de types d’habitats. Nos rĂ©sultats suggèrent que la rĂ©partition restreinte de cette espèce pourrait ĂŞtre dĂ» Ă  la disparition de son habitat.   Furcifer labordi is a species of chameleon only known from a few localities in the western part of Madagascar. Its distribution area is restricted between the Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. We carried out research to understand its ecological and spatial distribution in the Andranomena Special Reserve. Investigations were carried out in habitats near and far from watercourses, at the edge and interior of the forest and in relatively intact and regenerating forest. Our results revealed that this species is evenly distributed across different habitat types. In other words, its horizontal distribution is not influenced either by habitat degradation or by the watercourse. The cover of the canopy and the distribution of plants according to height from the outside to the inside of the forest are parameters that influence this horizontal distribution. Predatory birds (six species) and snakes (four species) do not cause any disturbance to F. labordi and do not influence its horizontal distribution. The latter is not as influenced by the abundance of available insects. The height of the perch used varies a lot, however it is not linked to age class or sex. F. labordi generally shows no particular preference regarding the choice of plant used as a perch. The same goes for the height and DBH of perching plants. The species uses available plant parts similarly and shows no particular preference. All age classes were observed and do not show any particular preference in terms of habitat types. Our results suggest that the restricted distribution of this species could be due to the disappearance of its habitat

    Analyses spatiales de population de Furcifer labordi (Grandidier, 1872) dans la Réserve Spéciale d’Andranomena, Morondava-Madagascar

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    Furcifer labordi est une espèce de camĂ©lĂ©ons uniquement connue dans quelques localitĂ©s de la partie occidentale de Madagascar. Son aire de distribution est restreinte entre les fleuves Tsiribihina et Fiherenana.  Des investigations ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es dans les habitats proche et loin de cours d’eau, Ă  la lisière et l’intĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt et dans la forĂŞt relativement intacte et celle en rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. La mĂ©thode Distance sampling a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©chantillonner les camĂ©lĂ©ons. Les prĂ©dateurs ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s suivant les lignes de transect. Des fèces des camĂ©lĂ©ons ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s et analysĂ©s au laboratoire. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© arrangĂ©es sur Excel et traitĂ©es sur le logiciel R. Nos rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que cette espèce distribue uniformĂ©ment dans les diffĂ©rents types d’habitats. Autrement dit, sa distribution horizontale n’est pas influencĂ©e ni par la dĂ©gradation de l’habitat, ni par le cours d’eau. La couverture de la canopĂ©e et la repartition des plantes selon la hauteur de l’extĂ©rieur vers l’intĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt sont des paramètres qui influencent cette distribution horizontale. Les oiseaux (six espèces) et les serpents (quatre espèces) prĂ©dateurs ne provoquent pas de perturbation sur F. labordi et n’influencent pas sa distribution horizontale. Cette dernière n’est pas aussi influencĂ©e par l’abondance en insectes disponibles. La hauteur du perchoir utilisĂ© varie beaucoup, elle n’est pas cependant liĂ©e, ni Ă  la classe d’âge ni au sexe. F. labordi ne prĂ©sente en gĂ©nĂ©ral aucune prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière quant au choix de plante utilisĂ©e comme perchoir. Il en est de mĂŞme pour la hauteur et les DBH de plantes perchoirs. L’espèce emploie similairement les parties des plantes disponibles et ne prĂ©sente pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière. Toutes les classes d’âges ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es et ne prĂ©sentent pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière en terme de types d’habitats. Nos rĂ©sultats suggèrent que la rĂ©partition restreinte de cette espèce pourrait ĂŞtre dĂ» Ă  la disparition de son habitat.   Furcifer labordi is a species of chameleon only known from a few localities in the western part of Madagascar. Its distribution area is restricted between the Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. Investigations were carried out in habitats near and far from watercourses, at the edge and interior of the forest, and in relatively intact and regenerating forests. The Distance sampling method was used to sample chameleons. Predators were recorded along the transect lines. Chameleon feces were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The data were arranged in Excel and processed on R software. Our results revealed that this species distributes uniformly in different types of habitats. In other words, its horizontal distribution is not influenced either by habitat degradation or by the watercourse. The canopy cover and the distribution of plants according to height from the outside to the inside of the forest are parameters that influence this horizontal distribution. Predatory birds (six species) and snakes (four species) do not cause disturbance to F. labordi and do not influence its horizontal distribution. The latter is not as influenced by the abundance of available insects. The height of the perch used varies greatly, but it is not linked to age class, or sex. F. labordi generally shows no particular preference regarding the choice of the plant used as a perch. The same goes for the height and DBH of perching plants. The species uses available plant parts similarly and does not show any particular preference. All age classes were observed and do not show any particular preference in terms of habitat types. Our results suggest that the restricted distribution of this species could be due to the disappearance of its habitat

    Analyse Satiale de Population de Furcifer labordi dans la Reserve Spéciale d’Andranomena, Morondava-Madagascar

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    Furcifer labordi est une espèce de camĂ©lĂ©ons uniquement connue dans quelques localitĂ©s de la partie occidentale de Madagascar. Son aire de distribution est restreinte entre les fleuves Tsiribihina et Fiherenana.  Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© des recherches pour comprendre sa distribution Ă©cologique et spatiale dans la Reserve SpĂ©ciale d’Andranomena. Des investigations ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es dans les habitats proche et loin de cours d’eau, Ă  la lisière et l’intĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt et dans la forĂŞt relativement intacte et celle en rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Nos rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que cette espèce se rĂ©partit uniformĂ©ment dans les diffĂ©rents types d’habitats. Autrement dit, sa distribution horizontale n’est pas influencĂ©e ni par la dĂ©gradation de l’habitat, ni par le cours d’eau. La couverture de la canopĂ©e et la repartition des plantes selon la hauteur de l’extĂ©rieur vers l’itĂ©rieur de la forĂŞt sont des paramètres qui influencent cette distribution horizontale. Les oiseaux (six espèces) et les serpents (quatre espèces) prĂ©dateurs ne provoquent pas de perturbation sur F. labordi et n’influencent pas sa distribution horizontale. Cette dernière n’est pas aussi influencĂ©e par l’abondance en insectes disponibles. La hauteur du perchoir utilisĂ© varie beaucoup, elle n’est pas cependant liĂ©e, ni Ă  la classe d’âge ni au sexe. F. labordi ne prĂ©sente en gĂ©nĂ©ral aucune prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière quant au choix de plante utilisĂ©e comme perchoir. Il en est de mĂŞme pour la hauteur et les DHP de plantes perchoirs. L’espèce emploie similairement les parties des plantes disponibles et ne prĂ©sente pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière. Toutes les classes d’âges ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es et ne prĂ©sentent pas de prĂ©fĂ©rence particulière en terme de types d’habitats. Nos rĂ©sultats suggèrent que la rĂ©partition restreinte de cette espèce pourrait ĂŞtre dĂ» Ă  la disparition de son habitat.   Furcifer labordi is a species of chameleon only known from a few localities in the western part of Madagascar. Its distribution area is restricted between the Tsiribihina and Fiherenana rivers. We carried out research to understand its ecological and spatial distribution in the Andranomena Special Reserve. Investigations were carried out in habitats near and far from watercourses, at the edge and interior of the forest and in relatively intact and regenerating forest. Our results revealed that this species is evenly distributed across different habitat types. In other words, its horizontal distribution is not influenced either by habitat degradation or by the watercourse. The cover of the canopy and the distribution of plants according to height from the outside to the inside of the forest are parameters that influence this horizontal distribution. Predatory birds (six species) and snakes (four species) do not cause any disturbance to F. labordi and do not influence its horizontal distribution. The latter is not as influenced by the abundance of available insects. The height of the perch used varies a lot, however it is not linked to age class or sex. F. labordi generally shows no particular preference regarding the choice of plant used as a perch. The same goes for the height and DBH of perching plants. The species uses available plant parts similarly and shows no particular preference. All age classes were observed and do not show any particular preference in terms of habitat types. Our results suggest that the restricted distribution of this species could be due to the disappearance of its habitat

    Nesting biology and food habits of the endangered Sakalava Rail Amaurornis olivieri in the Mandrozo Protected Area, western Madagascar

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    We studied the nesting biology and food habits of the endangered and endemic Sakalava Rail Amaurornis olivieri from July to November 2015 in the Mandrozo Protected Area, western Madagascar. Three nesting pairs were observed and their nests were constructed in a dense mat of reeds Phragmites mauritianus and averaged 56.7 ± 15.3 cm above the water (n = 3 nests). Nests were built by both adults and it took 3 d on average to complete a nest (n = 2 nests). Thirteen matings were observed and lasted 4.1 s on average (n = 2 pairs). Average clutch size was three eggs (n = 2 nests). Both sexes incubated; the incubation period was 15–17 d (n = 2 nests). Both male and female participated in brooding and feeding the young, which remained for 3 d in the nest and became independent of their parents at 45 d of age. Based on 194 identified food items, the Sakalava Rail’s diet was composed of invertebrates: spiders (53.1%), insects (32%), crustaceans (10.8%) and molluscs (4.1%). The home ranges of two radio-tagged individuals were 0.95 and 1.98 ha

    Madagascar Fish Eagle productivity in the Tsimembo-Manambolomaty Protected Area and surrounding habitat of western Madagascar

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    We monitored the productivity of the critically endangered Madagascar Fish Eagle Haliaeetus vociferoides inside and outside of the Tsimembo-Manambolomaty Protected Area (T-M PA), western Madagascar from 2010 to 2015. We recorded 14 breeding pairs inside and 13 outside T-M PA. The T-M PA and surrounding habitat hosted respectively 10 and six breeding polyandrous pairs, composed of one adult female and two adult males. During the six-year study period, 101 eggs were laid in nests in T-M PA of which 60 hatched and 58 young fledged. We recorded 62 eggs laid in nests outside the T-M PA of which 39 hatched and 36 young fledged. Productivity was similar at both sites, inside and outside T-M PA, with 0.84 (58/69) and 0.76 (36/47) fledgling per nesting attempt and 0.69 (58/84) and 0.5 (36/72) fledglings per territorial pair, respectively. Polyandrous pairs have higher productivity compared with normal pairs. Threats to Madagascar Fish Eagles and their habitat were low due to the existence of a communitybased resource management system called the Local Management Secured System (GELOSE) inside and outside the T-M PA. This system is based on strengthening local traditional customs and rules, and involving local people in managing their natural resources sustainably along with biodiversity conservation
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