Pain intensity and attribution mediate the impact of patient weight and gender on activity recommendations for chronic pain

Background and purpose: Despite the notable benefits of physical activity for chronic pain, a large proportion of patients with chronic pain report that they do not receive activity-related recommendations from their providers. Research suggests that patient factors such as weight and gender influence activity-related recommendations for chronic pain. Research also suggests that appraisals of the intensity and cause of pain may explain these weight and gender effects. We investigated the influence of patient weight and gender on observers' likelihood of recommending activity-related treatments for pain. We also explored the mediating effects of observers' ratings of pain severity and the extent to which pain was due to medical and lifestyle factors (pain attribution). Patients and methods: Healthy young adults (N=616; 76% female) viewed videos (Ghent Pain Videos of Daily Activities) and vignettes of 4 patients with chronic back pain performing a standardized functional task. Patients varied by gender (female, male) and weight (normal, obese), but were otherwise equivalent on demographic characteristics and pain behaviors. Participants rated how much pain they perceived the patients to be experiencing, the extent to which they attributed the pain to medical and lifestyle factors, and their likelihood of recommending exercise, physical therapy (PT), and rest. Results: Patient weight and gender significantly interacted to influence exercise, PT, and rest recommendations. Both pain intensity and pain attribution mediated the relationships between patient weight and activity recommendations; however, these mediation effects differed across gender and recommendation type. Conclusion: Patient weight and gender influenced laypeople's activity recommendations for chronic pain. Moreover, the results suggest that observers' perceptions of pain intensity and pain attributions are mechanisms underlying these effects. If these findings are replicated in providers, interventions may need to be developed to reduce provider biases and increase their recognition of the benefits of physical activity for chronic pain

Microsatellite typing of avian clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillosis is one of the most common causes of death in captive birds. Aspergillosis in birds is mainly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous and opportunistic saprophyte. Currently it is not known whether there is a link between the environmental isolates and/or human isolates of A. fumigatus and those responsible for aspergillosis in birds. Microsatellite typing was used to analyse 65 clinical avian isolates and 23 environmental isolates of A. fumigatus. The 78 genotypes that were obtained were compared with a database containing genotypes of 2514 isolates from human clinical samples and from the environment. There appeared to be no specific association between the observed genotypes and the origin of the isolates (environment, human or bird). Eight genotypes obtained from isolates of diseased birds were also found in human clinical samples. These results indicate that avian isolates of A. fumigatus may cause infection in humans

Genetic Diversity of Egg-carrying Bunting, Adrianihcthys Oophorus (Kottelat, 1990) Endemic Species of Lake Poso Central Sulawesi Using Truss Morphometrics and Sequens of Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I Gene (COI)

Ikan endemik berperan sebagai indikator suatu populasi jenis ikan yang unik dan bermanfaat sebagai spesies kunci da-lam upaya konservasi. Ikan rono (Adrianichthys oophorus) adalah jenis ikan endemik di Danau Poso yang perlu dilin-dungi dari ancaman kepunahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman morfometrik dan molekuler ikan rono sebagai dasar dalam strategi konservasi ikan endemik tersebut. Sampel ikan dikoleksi dari tiga populasi, ya-itu populasi dari Tolombo, Taipa, dan Tentena. Sampel ikan sebanyak 30 ekor dari masing-masing lokasi diukur secara morfometrik menggunakan metode truss morphometric dan dianalisis dengan analisis komponen utama. Secara mole-kuler sampel ikan dianalisis sekuensing DNA menggunakan gen cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa populasi ikan rono di Danau Poso secara morfometrik dan molekuler memiliki keragaman yang berbeda. Secara morfometrik terdapat 12 karakter yang menjadi karakter dasar tiga populasi ikan rono (p> 0,05), seba-nyak tiga karakter akan menjadi karakter yang beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan (p < 0,05) dan 11 karakter telah bera-daptasi dengan lingkungan (p< 0,01). Hasil analisis morfometrik dan molekuler antar ketiga populasi terlihat sinkron. Populasi Tentena secara morfometrik dan molekuler terpisah dengan populasi lainnya yang berarti memiliki perbedaan nyata pada tingkat DNA dan morfometrik. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini memberikan indikasi bahwa strategi konservasi ikan rono dapat dilakukan dengan memulihkan kembali keragaman gen total (gen pool). Pemulihan gen pool dapat dila-kukan melalui perkawinan silang antar tiga populasi yang berbeda, sehingga terjadi aliran gen dan meningkatkan fitness yang akan menjaga populasi ikan rono sebagai jenis endemik tetap lestari

Cardiac impact of inhaled therapy in the largest randomised placebo-controlled trial in COPD history

SUMMIT supports the efficiency and cardiovascular safety of LABA and ICS in COPD patients at cardiovascular risk http://ow.ly/p6Is300ffoc

Efektivitas Penambahan Vitamin a Dan Zat Besi Pada Garam Yodium Terhadap Status Gizi Dan Konsentrasi Belajar Anak Sekolah Dasar

THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A AND IRON ADDED INTO IODIZED SALT ON NUTRITION STATUS AND LEARNING CONCENTRATION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN.Background: It was assumed that in some areas of Indonesia previously recognized as area of endemic goitre, thenutrition problem in that area became more complex due to crisis of economy. Probably some people in that area not only suffering from 100 but also vitamin A and iron deficiency. In this condition intervention of multinutrient is more reasonable than of single nutrient in improving nutrition status.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A and iron added into iodized salt on iodine status and learning concentration of elementary school children in moderate endemic goiter area.Methods: The study design was "field trial". Study sites covered two subdistricts, namely Nagak subdistrict and Pelabuhan ratu subdistrict of Sukabumi District, West Java. A total of 221 boys and girls students in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades with positive goitre at grade I, by palpation were randomly assigned into four groups. Each group received different treatment. Group I received iodized salt (43 ppm of Iodine) + 180 ppm of vitamin A (A formula), group II received iodized salt (52 ppm) + 1500 ppm of iron (8 formula), group III received iodized salt only (37 ppm) (C formula) and group IV received iodized salt only (20 ppm). Data evaluation was collected 18 week after intervention.Results: The result of study revealed that proportion of goitre measured by palpation decreased in all groups, group I (14%), group II (7%), group III (21%) as well as group IV (19%). The increment of serum tetraiodotirosine (thyroxine) hormone (T4) of group II (5.02 ug/dl) and group I (4.60 ug/dl) were significantly higher than that of group Ill (2.04 ug/dl) or group IV (2.91 ug/dl). There were no significant differences in the increment of serum triiodotirosine hormone (T3) among group. The haemoglobin level of group II increased (0.36 g/dl), while group I and group IV were slightly decreased. The proportion of student suffering from anemia in group I decreased (25%), while in the other groups increased (4.3% to 9.8%).Conclusions: The increment of T4 was not followed by improvement of learning concentration measured by using \u27Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children" method