Wind-driven ventilation improvement with plan typology alteration: a CFD case study of traditional Turkish architecture

Aligned with achieving the goal of net-zero buildings, the implementation of energy-saving techniques in minimizing energy demands is proving more vital than at any time. As practical and economic options, passive strategies in ventilation developed over thousands of years have shown great potential for the reduction of residential energy demands, which are often underestimated in modern building’s construction. In particular, as a cost-effective passive strategy, wind-driven ventilation via windows has huge potential in the enhancement of the indoor air quality (IAQ) of buildings while simultaneously reducing their cooling load. This study aims to investigate the functionality and applicability of a common historical Turkish architectural element called “Cumba” to improve the wind-driven ventilation in modern buildings. A case study building with an archetypal plan and parameters was defined as a result of a survey over 111 existing traditional samples across Turkey. Buildings with and without Cumba were compared in different scenarios by the development of a validated CFD microclimate model. The results of simulations clearly demonstrate that Cumba can enhance the room’s ventilation rate by more than two times while harvesting wind from different directions. It was also found that a flexible window opening strategy can help to increase the mean ventilation rate by 276%. Moreover, the room’s mean air velocity and ventilation rate could be adjusted to a broad range of values with the existence of Cumba. Thus, this study presents important findings about the importance of plan typology in the effectiveness of wind-driven ventilation strategies in modern dwellings

Fibrose cística: uma abordagem clínica e nutricional Cystic fibrosis: a clinical and nutritional approach

A fibrose cística é a doença genética letal mais comum em populações caucasianas e é caracterizada por infecções crônicas e recorrentes do pulmão, insuficiência pancreática e elevados níveis de cloro no suor. É uma doença de herança autossômica recessiva causada pela mutação no gene do Regulador da Condutância Transmembrana da Fibrose Cística, que induz o organismo a produzir secreções espessas e viscosas que obstruem os pulmões, o pâncreas e o ducto biliar. Muitos pacientes apresentam insuficiência pancreática, que leva a má-absorção de nutrientes especialmente de proteínas e lipídeos e a complicações gastrintestinais tais como prolapso retal, síndrome da obstrução intestinal, constipação e cirrose hepática. A fibrose cística normalmente é diagnosticada na infância, pelos programas de triagem neonatal ou pelo teste do suor. Devido aos vários sistemas envolvidos e à variabilidade e cronicidade da doença, uma abordagem multidisciplinar é essencial para auxiliar o paciente e sua família a compreenderem a doença e aderirem ao tratamento. A terapia atual da fibrose cística inclui a manutenção do estado nutricional, a remoção das secreções das vias aéreas com fisioterapia e mucolíticos, o uso de antibióticos para prevenção e tratamento de infecções, a prescrição de suplementos energéticos, dietas hiperlípidicas e hiperprotéicas, bem como a suplementação de minerais e vitaminas lipossolúveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar breve revisão de literatura sobre os aspectos clínicos e nutricionais da fibrose cística.<br>Cystic fibrosis is the most common, lethal, genetic disease in Caucasian populations and is characterized by chronic and recurrent lung infections, pancreatic insufficiency and high sweat chloride levels. It is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene which induces the body to produce thick and viscous mucus secretions that obstruct the lungs, pancreas and bile duct. Many patients have pancreatic insufficiency which leads to malabsorption of nutrients, especially proteins and fats and to gastrointestinal complications such as rectal prolapse, intestinal obstruction syndrome, constipation and hepatic cirrhosis. Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed during childhood by neonatal screening programs or sweat test. Because of the multiple systems involved and the variability and chronicity of the disease, a multidisciplinary team is essential to help patients and their families understand the disease and adhere to treatment. Current cystic fibrosis therapy includes maintaining the nutritional status, clearing the airways with physiotherapy and mucolytics, preventing and treating infections with antibiotics and prescribing energy supplements, high-fat and high-protein diets, as well as minerals and fat-soluble vitamins. The purpose of this study was to present a brief literature review of the clinical and nutritional aspects of cystic fibrosis