As múltiplas funções da agricultura familiar: um estudo no assentamento Monte Alegre, região de Araraquara (SP).

A partir da emergência da ideia de sustentabilidade, a agricultura adquiriu novas conotações, associadas não apenas ao aspecto produtivo, mas também à conservação dos recursos naturais e dos territórios rurais, em um reconhecimento de sua multifuncionalidade. Com base nesta noção, que valoriza as funções socioambientais desempenhadas pelas famílias rurais e pelas agriculturas praticadas, o presente artigo analisa um assentamento rural no estado de São Paulo, buscando identificar quais são e de que forma se expressam as funções para além da produção neste território particular. Por meio de uma metodologia de cunho quali-quantitativo, observou-se que, no assentamento em foco, a agricultura encerra em si questões de coesão territorial, manutenção da segurança alimentar, conservação da agrobiodiversidade e de fomento a outras atividades produtivas, sendo o elemento central da reconstrução de um modo de vida rural neste ambiente

Accounting for extinction dynamics unifies the geological and biological histories of Indo-Australian Archipelago

Acknowledgements The manuscript was improved by the constructive feedback from anonymous reviewers. We thank University of Aberdeen High Performance Computing. We thank the authors of the revisited studies who kindly granted us access to their datasets.Peer reviewe

Impairment of steroidogenesis and follicle development after bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy and lactation in the ovaries of Mongolian gerbils aged females

The ovaries regulate fertility and hormonal control in females, and aging is a crucial factor in this process, when ovarian function is drastically impacted. Exogenous endocrine disruptors may accelerate this process, acting as the main agents in decreased female fertility and hormonal imbalance, since they impact different features related to reproduction. In the present study, we demonstrate the implications of exposure of adult mothers to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy and lactation on their ovarian function during the transition to later in life (aging). The follicle population of BPA exposed ovaries showed impairment in the development of follicles to the mature stages, with growing follicles being halted in the early stages. Atretic and early-atretic follicles were also enhanced. Expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in the follicle population demonstrated impairment in signaling function: ERβ was highly expressed in follicles from BPA exposed females, which also showed a higher incidence of early atresia of developed follicles. ERβ1 wild-type isoform was also enhanced in BPA-exposed ovaries, compared to its variant isoforms. In addition, steroidogenesis was targeted by BPA exposure: aromatase and 17-β-HSD were reduced, whereas 5-α reductase was enhanced. This modulation was reflected in serum levels of estradiol and testosterone, which decreased in BPA-exposed females. Imbalances in steroidogenesis impair the development of follicles and play an important role in follicular atresia. Our study demonstrated that BPA exposure in two windows of susceptibility – gestation and lactation – had implications during aging, enhancing perimenopausal and infertile features.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP), SPDepartment of Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio PretoDepartment of Histology Embryology and Cell Biology Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III) Federal University of Goiás (UFG), GoiásDepartment of Biological Sciences Institute of Biosciences Humanities and Exact Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio PretoCAPES: 001FAPESP: 20/00160-1FAPESP: 20/01240-9FAPESP: 22/00521-0CNPq: 302938/2020-

Crescimento vegetativo e intensidade de cor verde das folhas de limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ anelada e tratada com ácido giberélico

Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar se o anelamento de ramos reduz o crescimento vegetativo em limeiras ácidas ‘Tahiti’ e se a aplicação de AG 3 é capaz de recuperá-lo. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com cinco repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu na aplicação foliar de quatro concentrações de AG 3 (0, 7, 14 e 21mg L -1 ), quando cerca de 80% das pétalas haviam sofrido abscisão. O segundo fator referiu-se aos tratamentos sem anelamento, anelamento no início do florescimento e anelamento um mês após o florescimento. As variáveis analisadas foram altura das plantas, comprimento dos ramos, diâmetro e volume das copas, e intensidade de cor verde das folhas. A aplicação de AG 3 não causou efeito sobre o crescimento vegetativo e intensidade de cor verde das folhas. O anelamento de ramos, independentemente da época em que foi realizado, retardou o crescimento vegetativo das plantas e reduziu a intensidade de cor verde das folhas da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’; porém, na última avaliação, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas em relação às plantas sem anelamento.The objective was to assess whether the girdling reduces the vegetative growth in acid lime ‘Tahiti’ and the application of GA 3 is able to retrieve it. The design was a randomized block design, in factorial with five replications. The first factor consisted of four concentrations of foliar application of GA 3 (0, 7, 14 and 21mg L -1 ) when about 80% of the petals had abscised. The second factor referred to the treatments without girdling, girdling at flowering, and girdling a month after flowering. The variables were plant height, branch length, diameter and canopy volume, and intensity of green color of the leaves. The application of GA 3 had no effect on vegetative growth and intensity of green color of leaves. Girdling, regardless of the time it was done, delayed vegetative growth of plants and reduced the intensity of green color of the leaves of acid lime ‘Tahiti’ tree, but in the last evaluation there was no statistically significant differences regarding the plants without girdling