Weed Colonization of Experimental Gaps in the Gaps in the Canopy of a Wheat Crop.

Gaps of different sizes were opened in the canopy of a wheat crop by removing all above ground vegetafion in, August and October. Half of the gaps opened in. August were reopened in October. Composition of the weed community and abundance of individual species were measured in. September and in. November just before crop harvest. In September there were very litde differences between treatinents, and in November the most important differences were due to time of gap opening but not between gaps of different: sizes. Most weed species are synchronous with the crop and are well adapted to coexist with it, so there is a marked negative effect of late opening of gaps on most of them. Gaps have a positive effect on weeds asynchronous with the crop and perhaps on. rarities, Le. species which are neither constant nor abundant.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:19:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pab06jun91.pdf: 542151 bytes, checksum: 65adc206bf3c253c94589bc315215896 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-09-26

Avaliação de parâmetros para o monitoramento da interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura de soja (Glycine max L.)

O presente estudo visa fornecer subsídios para o processo de tomada de decisão de controle das plantas daninhas baseado em nível de dano na produtividade de culturas agrícolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar o aproveitamento de parâmetros das plantas e daninhas e das plantas de soja no monitoramento da interferência das plantas daninhas, foi realizado, em Botucatu (SP), um experimento sob condições de campo, com delineamento em blocos casualizados. A cultura foi mantida na presença ou ausência da comunidade vegetal infestante por diferentes períodos . O monitoramento da interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura da soja pode se dar através do acúmulo total de matéria seca da comunidade vegetal infestante e dos seguintes parâmetros de crescimento das plantas de soja: número de folhas trifolioladas, área da lâmina foliar, acúmulo de matéria seca de folhas e total. O acúmulo de matéria seca de cada espécie de planta daninha isoladamente, não foi parâmetros eficiente para determinar-se interferência (competição) na cultura da soja.This research aims to subsidize decision making for weed control based on crop yield threshold. Field experiment was conducted in Botucatu (São Paulo, Brazil), with the objective of evaluating the utilization of soybean and weed parameters for monitoring weed interference on soybean yield. The experiment was delineated in a randomized block design. The crop was kept weedy or weed-free for different periods. Total weed dry matter and soybean parameters, such as number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry matter and total dry matter, can be used for monitoring weed interference on soybean yield. Dry matter of each species separately, had no importance as a competitive element

Predacion de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. en un cultivo de soja: influencia del sistema de siembra Predation of Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. seeds in soybean crops: influence of the tillage system

El objetivo fue evaluar las pérdidas del banco superficial de semillas de Amaranthus quitensis H.B.K. (yuyo colorado) debidas a la predación por insectos en un cultivo de soja y en el barbecho posterior, en dos sistemas de laboreo. Los experimentos se realizaron durante las campañas 94/95 y 95/96. Para calcular la tasa de predación se emplearon bandejas cubiertas con tejido para evitar el ingreso de roedores y con tela de tul en los tratamientos testigos; en cada una se sembraron 100 semillas de la maleza y cada 15 días se registró el número de semillas remanentes. Para determinar los insectos presentes y su abundancia se emplearon trampas "pitfall". Entre los insectos capturados se encontró el carábido Notiobia cupripennis, su mayor abundancia se registró en marzo (4,5 y 5,8 insectos/trampa en convencional y 2,7 y 3,3 insectos/trampa en siembra directa), coincidiendo con las tasas de predación más altas (5,6% y 8% en convencional y 2,7% y 3,8% en siembra directa); tanto en abundancia como en predación se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos sistemas. A partir de este mes, las diferencias no fueron significativas, el número de insectos y la tasa de predación disminuyeron. En ambos años existió una correlación positiva entre estas variables.<br>The objective was to evaluate the losses of the superficial bank of Amaranthus quitensis seeds, due to insect predation, in a soybean crop and in the subsequent fallow, in two tillage systems. Experiments were conducted during 1994/95 and 1995/96. To estimate predation rates, trays covered with wire meshes to prevent rodent predation, and with fine sheer net (tulle) in the control treatment were used; 100 weed seeds were sown in each tray, and the number of remaining seeds was registered every 15 days. Pitfall traps were used to identify insects species occurring in the field and to estimate their abundance. The carabid Notiobia cupripennis was captured in pitfall traps, the higher population found during March (4.5 and 5.8 insect/trap in conventional tillage and 2.7 and 3.3 insect/trap in no-tillage). The highest predation rates was also registered in March (5.6% and 8% in conventional tillage and 2.7% and 3.8% in no-tillage) and both systems were significantly different as to abundance and predation. No significant differences were found from April to June, and the number of insects and predation rates decreased. There was a positive correlation between the predation rates and the values of insect abundance in both years