61,531 research outputs found
Korean sibling caregivers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia
Siblings of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are an important source of family caregiving. Unfortunately, limited information is available about sibling caregivers because existing studies have focused on other family relationships such as parents, spouses, and children. To fill the knowledge gap, the purpose of this study is to describe Korean sibling caregiversโ experience with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Guided by Colaizziโs descriptive phenomenological methodology, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with eight individuals who have a sibling (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia and (2) hospitalized in an inpatient psychiatric unit. We discerned six key themes: sorrow, burnout, shame, different perspectives in life, acceptance, and responsibility. We categorized these themes into three groups: suffering, hope, and responsibility and obligation.
Sibling caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia experience a mixture of several emotions. Participants loved their brother or sister with schizophrenia, but at the same time they felt shame and fear. While they were burdened by the responsibilities of caregiving, they remained loyal to their sibling with schizophrenia, continuing to help their siblings reach their full potential. Although participants were confused about the symptoms of schizophrenia, they were committed to learning more about the illness.
Because we conducted the current study in Korea, the findings of this study may be unique to Korea culture. Further studies are needed to compare and contrast nuanced differences in sibling caregiversโ experience among different cultural groups
Laser Doppler velocimetry for continuous flow solar-pumped iodine laser system
A laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system was employed to measure the flow velocity profile of iodide vapor inside laser tubes of 36 mm ID and 20 mm ID. The LDV, which was operated in the forward scatter mode used a low power (15 mW) He-Ne laser beam. Velocity ranges from 1 m/s was measured to within one percent accuracy. The flow velocity profile across the laser tube was measured and the intensity of turbulence was determined. The flow of iodide inside the laser tube demonstrated a mixture of both turbulence and laminar flow. The flowmeter used for the laser system previously was calibrated with the LDV and found to be in good agreement
Sequential Symbolic Regression with Genetic Programming
This chapter describes the Sequential Symbolic Regression (SSR) method, a new strategy for function approximation in symbolic regression. The SSR method is inspired by the sequential covering strategy from machine learning, but instead of sequentially reducing the size of the
problem being solved, it sequentially transforms the original problem into potentially simpler problems. This transformation is performed according to the semantic distances between the desired and obtained outputs and a geometric semantic operator. The rationale behind SSR is that, after generating a suboptimal function f via symbolic regression, the output errors can be approximated by another function in a subsequent iteration. The method was tested in eight polynomial functions, and compared with canonical genetic programming (GP) and geometric semantic genetic programming (SGP). Results showed that SSR significantly outperforms SGP and presents no statistical difference to GP. More importantly, they show the potential of the proposed strategy: an effective way of applying geometric semantic operators to combine different (partial) solutions, avoiding the exponential growth problem arising from the use of these operators
LEAF CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION AND VEGETATIVE RESPONSES OF DRYAS-OCTOPETALA TO TEMPERATURE AND WATER MANIPULATIONS IN A HIGH ARCTIC POLAR SEMIDESERT, SVALBARD
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Control of Ni-Oxygen Adducts with Organic Substrates
The reactivity of mononuclear metal-O2 adducts, such as metal-superoxo and -peroxo species, has long fascinated researchers in many areas due to the significance of diverse biological and catalytic processes. To understand how the nature of the ligand influences reactivity patterns of the metal-O2 complexes, recently, a systematic study of the relationship between reactivity and ring size of ligand was undertaken for a series of metal-O2 complexes bearing N-tetramethylated macrocyclic chelates in biomimetic chemistry. In this study, the two ligands, CHDAP and Me3-TPADP, were designed and reactivity of Ni-O2 species bearing each ligand was investigated in part I and part II, respectively. For comparison of reactivity according to a steric effect, a set of nickel(III)-peroxo complexes bearing tetraazamacrocyclic ligands, [NiIII(CHDAP)(O2)]+ and [NiIII(TBDAP)(O2)]+, were prepared and fully characterized by various physicochemical methods. The different steric properties of the supporting ligands were confirmed by X-ray crystallography where the CHDPA ligand gives enough space around the Ni-O2 core compared to the TBDAP ligand. In the aldehyde deformylation reaction, the nucleophilic reactivity of the nicke(III)-peroxo complexes was highly dependent on the steric properties of the macrocyclic ligands, with the reactivity order of [NiIII(TBDAP)(O2)]+ < [NiIII(CHDAP)(O2)]+. This result provides fundamental insight into the mechanism of the structure (steric) โ reactivity relationship of metal-peroxo intermediates. In part II, the Me3-TPADP ligand was synthesized, and the starting complex, [NiII(Me3-TPADP)(CH3CN)2]2+ (3), and Ni-O2 intermediate, [NiIII(Me3-TPADP)(O2)]+ (4), were prepared and successfully characterized by various methods. Also, the kinetic result of 4 was obtained with external organic substrates. โ 2015 DGISTPart I. A Steric Effect on the Nucleophilic Reactivity of Nickel(III)-O2 Complex 1--
I. Introduction 2--
II. Experimental Section 7--
II-1. Materials and Instrumentation 7--
II-2. Synthesis of Pyridinophan Type Ligands 8--
II-2-a. Pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde (L1) 8--
II-2-b. N,Nโ-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))dicyclohexylamine (L2) 9--
II-2-c. 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine (L3) 9--
II-2-d. N,Nโ-di-cyclohexyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane (CHDAP) 9--
II-3. Generation of Ni Complexes 10--
II-3-a. [Ni(CHDAP)(NO3)]+ (1) 10--
II-3-b. [Ni(CHDAP)(O2)]+ (2) 10--
II-4. X-ray Crystallography 11--
II-5. Reactivity Studies 11--
III. Results and Discussion 13--
III-1. Synthesis and Characterization of CHDAP 13--
III-2. Preparation and Characterization of [NiII(CHDAP)(NO3)]+ (1) 15--
III-3. Characterization and Reactivity Studies of [NiIII(CHDAP)(O2)]+ (2) 19--
III-4. Comparison with Ni Complex bearing TBDAP Ligand 26--
IV. Conclusion 29--
V. References 30--
Part II. Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Mononuclear Nickel(III)-O2 Complex with Macrocyclic Ligand, Me3-TPADP 36--
I. Introduction 37--
II. Experimental Section 40--
II-1. Materials and Instrumentation 40--
II-2. Synthesis of Ligands 41--
II-2-a. 1,4,7-tris(p-tosylsulfonyl)-1,4,7-triazaheptane (L4) 41--
II-2-b. 3,6,9-tris(p-tosylsulfonyl)-3,6,9,15-tetraazbicyclo[9,3,1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene (L5) 42--
II-2-c. 3,6,9,15-tetraazabocyclo(9,3,1)pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triane (L6) 42--
II-2-d. 3,6,9-trimethyl-3,6,9-triaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclodecaphane (Me3-TPADP) 42--
II-3. Generation of Ni Complexes 43--
II-3-a. [Ni(Me3-TPADP)(CH3CN)2] 2+ (3) 43--
II-3-b. [Ni(Me3-TPADP)(O2)]+ (4) 43--
II-4. X-ray Crystallography 44--
II-5. Reactivity Studies 44--
III. Results and Discussion 45--
III-1. Synthesis and Characterization of Me3-TPADP 45--
III-2. Preparation and Characterization of [NiII(Me3-TPADP)(CH3CN)2]2+ (3) 47--
III-3. Characterization and Reactivity Studies of [NiIII(Me3-TPADP)(O2)]+ (4) 51--
IV. Conclusion 56--
V. References 57์์ฒด ๋ด ์ด๋งค ๋ฐ์์ ์์ด์ ๋จ์ผ ๊ธ์-์ฐ์ ์ข
์ ์ฐํ ํ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ค์ํ ์ค๊ฐ์ฒด ์ญํ ์ ํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ง์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์ด ์๋ค. ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ ๊ธ์-์ฐ์ ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ ํจํด์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ดํดํ๊ธฐ ์ํด, ์ต๊ทผ, N-tetramethylated ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋ ์ดํธ๊ฐ ๋ถ์ฐฉ๋ ๋ช๋ช ๊ธ์-์ฐ์ ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด์์ N-๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋์ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ ์ฌ์ด์ ๊ด๊ณ์ ๋ํ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋ถ๊ฐ ์งํ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ฒ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์, CHDAP ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ Me3-TPADP ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ ๋์์ธ๋์๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋๊ฐ ๋ถ์ฐฉ๋ ๋์ผ-์ฐ์ ์ข
์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ์ part I ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ part II์์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ฌ๋์๋ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์์ฑ์ ๋น๊ต๋ฅผ ์ํด ํ์ฑ๋ ๋์ผ(III)-peroxo ๋ณตํฉ์ฒด, [NiIII(CHDAP)(O2)]+ (2) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ [NiIII(TBDAP)(O2)]+, ์ ์๋ฐํ์ด๋ ๋ํฌ๋ฐ๋ ์ด์
๋ฐ์์ ์ดํด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 2 ์ ์นํต์ฑ ๋ฐ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋์ ์
์ฒด์ ์ฑ์ง์ ํฌ๊ฒ ์์กดํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์์ฑ์ [NiIII(TBDAP)(O2)]+< [NiIII(CHDAP)(O2)]+ ์์ ์ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(์
์ฒด) ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํตํ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ ์ค๋ค-๊ธ์-peroxo ์ค๊ฐ์ฒด์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ ๊ด๊ณ. Part II์์๋, Me3-TPADP ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋๋ฅผ ํฉ์ฑํ์๊ณ [NiII(Me3-TPADP)(CH3CN)2]2+ (3) ์ [NiIII(Me3-TPADP)(O2)]+ (4)๋ฅผ ์ค๋น ๋ฐ ํน์งํํ์๋ค. ๋ํ, 4์ ๋ฐ์์ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ธ๋ถ ๊ธฐ์ง์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ป์ ์ ์์๋ค. โ 2015 DGISTMasterdCollectio
The Practice of Spiritual Direction In the Life and Writings of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton
Elizabeth Ann Seton became the first North American-born saint in 1975 and her sainthood was a fruit of her spiritual formation in the Episcopal and the Catholic Church. That formation qualified her as a spiritual director to her contemporaries. This dissertation examined what characterized her reception and practice of spiritual direction through an analysis of her letters, journals, meditations, her translations and works she copied.
This dissertation claims that Elizabeth was a qualified spiritual director and her practice of spiritual direction contributed to the enrichment of the ministry of spiritual direction. Her biblical, Eucharistic, liturgical, and ecclesiastical piety led individuals to deepen their spiritual life by following her example of piety. Her emphasis on the Christcentered life in her spiritual direction offered insight on the method and goal of spiritual formation. Her method of spiritual direction via her letters and writings contributed to the ministry of spiritual direction by encouraging individuals by their own letters and spiritual reflections to aid others in deepening their spiritual life.https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentian_ebooks/1024/thumbnail.jp
Can North Korea say No? No ใจ่จใใๅๆ้ฎฎ (ๅฝ้ๅญฆ็ ็ฉถใใฉใผใฉใ ่ฌๆผ้ฒ7: 2016ๅนด10ๆ14ๆฅ (้))
Earth orbit laser systems
At the state-of-the-art efficiencies, both nuclear and solar-driven systems require equal masses for the same laser powers in the 50 to 500 MW range, typically 3,700 tons for a 100-MW thruster. Future efficiency improvement of solar panel and laser diode array will realize significant reduction (by a factor of 3) in system masses. Beaming time for laser propulsion is relatively short and other missions should be considered for increasing the system duty cycle
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