5,080 research outputs found
Kinetic modelling of epitaxial film growth with up- and downward step barriers
The formation of three-dimensional structures during the epitaxial growth of
films is associated to the reflection of diffusing particles in descending
terraces due to the presence of the so-called Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barrier.
We generalize this concept in a solid-on-solid growth model, in which a barrier
dependent on the particle coordination (number of lateral bonds) exists
whenever the particle performs an interlayer diffusion. The rules do not
distinguish explicitly if the particle is executing a descending or an
ascending interlayer diffusion. We show that the usual model, with a step
barrier in descending steps, produces spurious, columnar, and highly unstable
morphologies if the growth temperature is varied in a usual range of mound
formation experiments. Our model generates well-behaved mounded morphologies
for the same ES barriers that produce anomalous morphologies in the standard
model. Moreover, mounds are also obtained when the step barrier has an equal
value for all particles independently if they are free or bonded. Kinetic
roughening is observed at long times, when the surface roughness w and the
characteristic length scale as and where
and , independently of the growth
temperature.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Fission fragment angular distribution measurements of U-235 and U-238 at CERN n_TOF facility
Neutron-induced fission cross sections of U-238 and U-235 are used as standards in the fast neutron region up to 200 MeV. A high accuracy of the standards is relevant to experimentally determine other neutron reaction cross sections. Therefore, the detection efficiency should be corrected by using the angular distribution of the fission fragments (FFAD), which are barely known above 20 MeV. In addition, the angular distribution of the fragments produced in the fission of highly excited and deformed nuclei is an important observable to investigate the nuclear fission process.
In order to measure the FFAD of neutron-induced reactions, a fission detection setup based on parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) has been developed and successfully used at the CERN-n_TOF facility. In this work, we present the preliminary results on the analysis of new U-235(n,f) and U-238(n,f) data in the extended energy range up to 200 MeV compared to the existing experimental data.Postprint (published version
Spin-orbit mode transfer via a classical analog of quantum teleportation
We translate the quantum teleportation protocol into a sequence of coherent
operations involving three degrees of freedom of a classical laser beam. The
protocol, which we demonstrate experimentally, transfers the polarisation state
of the input beam to the transverse mode of the output beam. The role of
quantum entanglement is played by a non-separable mode describing the path and
transverse degrees of freedom. Our protocol illustrates the possibility of new
optical applications based on this intriguing classical analogue of quantum
entanglement.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
Surface-Invariants in 2D Classical Yang-Mills Theory
We study a method to obtain invariants under area-preserving diffeomorphisms
associated to closed curves in the plane from classical Yang-Mills theory in
two dimensions. Taking as starting point the Yang-Mills field coupled to non
dynamical particles carrying chromo-electric charge, and by means of a
perturbative scheme, we obtain the first two contributions to the on shell
action, which are area-invariants. A geometrical interpretation of these
invariants is given.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Orientation dynamics of weakly Brownian particles in periodic viscous flows
Evolution equations for the orientation distribution of axisymmetric
particles in periodic flows are derived in the regime of small but non-zero
Brownian rotations. The equations are based on a multiple time scale approach
that allows fast computation of the relaxation processes leading to statistical
equilibrium. The approach has been applied to the calculation of the effective
viscosity of a thin disk suspension in gravity waves.Comment: 16 pages, 7 eps figures include
Banco de sementes em sistemas de produção de agricultura com queima e sem queima no municÃpio de Marapanim, Pará.
Na agricultura de corte e queima, a capoeira tem como papel principal a fertilização da terra após a queima de sua biomassa vegetal. Geralmente as repetidas queimadas acabam destruindo todas as formas de regeneração, incluindo o banco de sementes. Pensando nessa problemática, o Projeto Studies of Human Impact on Forests and Floodplains in the Tropics (SHIFT), no qual esta pesquisa se insere, após uma série de estudos básicos sobre as capoeiras da região Bragantina, vem desenvolvendo uma alternativa de produção agrÃcola em que a capoeira é usada como fonte de nutrientes e matéria orgânica para o solo em sistemas de produção de ?agricultura sem queima?. O trabalho desenvolvido no municÃpio de Marapanim foi um experimento participativo, uma nova abordagem do projeto, onde as áreas foram definidas pelos agricultores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do banco de sementes de áreas submetidas a diferentes práticas agrÃcolas, caracterizando qualitativa e quantitativamente sua composição florÃstica. Foram testadas as hipóteses de que o fogo diminui o potencial do banco de sementes e cria condições favoráveis à regeneração de espécies invasoras herbáceas. A cobertura triturada minimiza os impactos provocados pela queima sobre a diversidade vegetal e aumenta a regeneração de espécies acumuladoras de biomassa. O potencial de germinação do banco de sementes nos tratamentos foi monitorado durante 270 dias. Nos tratamentos queima e cobertura triturada, foram avaliadas a densidade, riqueza de espécies, famÃlias e formas de vida predominantes. No banco de sementes antes do manejo do solo, a densidade média na queima foi de 284 indivÃduos/m2 e na cobertura triturada 328 indivÃduos/m2. Depois do manejo do solo na queima, foram encontrados em média 23 indivÃduos/m2 e na cobertura triturada 139 indivÃduos/m2. As espécies mais freqüentes nos dois momentos e nos dois tratamentos foram Borreria latifolia, Fimbristylis meliacea e Cyperus diffusus. As famÃlias Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae e Poaceae apareceram em alta frequência em todas as áreas e nos dois tratamentos. Além dessas, destacaram-se as famÃlias Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Scrophulariaceae e Asteraceae. As formas de vida mais comuns encontradas nos tratamentos foram as ervas. Os diferentes tratamentos afetaram a abundância e riqueza florÃstica, diminuindo o número de sementes de espécies arbóreas e arbustivas, acumuladoras de biomassa
Modelling of epitaxial film growth with a Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier dependent on the step height
The formation of mounded surfaces in epitaxial growth is attributed to the
presence of barriers against interlayer diffusion in the terrace edges, known
as Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barriers. We investigate a model for epitaxial growth
using a ES barrier explicitly dependent on the step height. Our model has an
intrinsic topological step barrier even in the absence of an explicit ES
barrier. We show that mounded morphologies can be obtained even for a small
barrier while a self-affine growth, consistent with the Villain-Lai-Das Sarma
equation, is observed in absence of an explicit step barrier. The mounded
surfaces are described by a super-roughness dynamical scaling characterized by
locally smooth (faceted) surfaces and a global roughness exponent .
The thin film limit is featured by surfaces with self-assembled
three-dimensional structures having an aspect ratio (height/width) that may
increase or decrease with temperature depending on the strength of step
barrier.Comment: To appear in J. Phys. Cond. Matter; 3 movies as supplementary
materia
Aptitud anaerobia en deportistas de combate del sexo femenino
Se estudia en nivel de preparación anaerobia en tres selecciones femeninas de deportes de combate de alta calificación: 15 judocas, 7 esgrimistas de la modalidad sable y 16 taekwondoistas. Fueron medidos indicadores neuromusculares, al final de la preparación especial, utilizando los tests de ergosalto y de saltabilidad de Bosco, Se determinan las estadÃsticas descriptivas, significación de las diferencias entre deportes y la correlación entre indicadores. Se obtienen los resultados: Pala (15,7 ± 2,1-19,2 ± 1,5 W/Kg), Pana (14,5 ± 1,9-17,7 ± 1,2 W/Kg), Los SCAB, SSAB, SCPD, SCPCD y SDPC mas altos fueron los de las esgrimistas y la mejor coordinación se encontró en las competidoras de esgrima, mientras que los mayores valores de CELAS fueron los de las judocas. Los resultados obtenidos se corresponden con las caracterÃsticas del gesto deportivo que prevalece en cada uno de los deportes estudiados
Interacting Particles and Strings in Path and Surface Representations
Non-relativistic charged particles and strings coupled with abelian gauge
fields are quantized in a geometric representation that generalizes the Loop
Representation. We consider three models: the string in self-interaction
through a Kalb-Ramond field in four dimensions, the topological interaction of
two particles due to a BF term in 2+1 dimensions, and the string-particle
interaction mediated by a BF term in 3+1 dimensions. In the first case one
finds that a consistent "surface-representation" can be built provided that the
coupling constant is quantized. The geometrical setting that arises corresponds
to a generalized version of the Faraday's lines picture: quantum states are
labeled by the shape of the string, from which emanate "Faraday`s surfaces". In
the other models, the topological interaction can also be described by
geometrical means. It is shown that the open-path (or open-surface) dependence
carried by the wave functional in these models can be eliminated through an
unitary transformation, except by a remaining dependence on the boundary of the
path (or surface). These feature is closely related to the presence of
anomalous statistics in the 2+1 model, and to a generalized "anyonic behavior"
of the string in the other case.Comment: RevTeX 4, 28 page
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