33 research outputs found
A next generation, pilot-scale continuous sterilization system for fermentation media
A new continuous sterilization system was designed, constructed, started up, and qualified for media sterilization for secondary metabolite cultivations, bioconversions, and enzyme production. An existing Honeywell Total Distributed Control 3000-based control system was extended using redundant High performance Process Manager controllers for 98 I/O (input/output) points. This new equipment was retrofitted into an industrial research fermentation pilot plant, designed and constructed in the early 1980s. Design strategies of this new continuous sterilizer system and the expanded control system are described and compared with the literature (including dairy and bio-waste inactivation applications) and the weaknesses of the prior installation for expected effectiveness. In addition, the reasoning behind selection of some of these improved features has been incorporated. Examples of enhancements adopted include sanitary heat exchanger (HEX) design, incorporation of a âflashâ cooling HEX, on-line calculation of F(o) and R(o), and use of field I/O modules located near the vessel to permit low-cost addition of new instrumentation. Sterilizer performance also was characterized over the expected range of operating conditions. Differences between design and observed temperature, pressure, and other profiles were quantified and investigated
Youth and Nigeriaâs Internal Security Management
One of the major challenges confronting Nigeria is insecurity which hinders national
development. The problem of insecurity includes menace of ethnic militias across the
country, insurgency in the north, militancy in the Niger Delta, kidnapping, armed
robbery and cultism all over the country. The government and other partners recognise
that national security is a precondition for maintaining the survival, growth and
development of a State. It is also well known that the army of unemployed and idle
youth population of the country is the major group perpetrating these security
problems across the country. Given the realisation of the government that the problem
of insecurity needs to be tackled as panacea to the socio-economic development of the
country, several solutions have been applied. The option of youth empowerment is
believed to possess the capacity of not only keeping the youth busy but putting food on
their table and thereby making incentive to engage in actions that promote insecurity
unattractive. The youth empowerment programmes including the Amnesty
Programme, YouWin and N-Power, among others, were some of the programmes
implemented. What is the impact of these programmes as a strategy of managing
insecurity in the country? To what extent are these programmes impacting on the
socio-political and economic development of the country? What are the challenges in
the implementation of these programmes? This chapter attempts to provide answers to
these questions. The data used in this chapter were collected largely from documentary
materials and analysed using descriptive analysis
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS