Comparing the effects of active and traditional teaching of stress management on academic performance and the stress level in nursing students

Background: Stress as one of the prevalent diseases of the century, is the body non-responsive status to any request that can reduce the forces and affect activities and efforts. Nursing and midwifery students are experiencing multiple stressors during their study. They stress not only from theoretical training environments, that also from hospital stressors. According to negative effects of stress over academic performance of nursing students, stress management could be taught via different methods including traditional and active teaching methods. In traditional teaching, the teacher througout a one-way relationship with students is transferring knowledge and students act as knowledge recievers. In traditional teaching, the teacher is responsible for the education topic, transferring information, assessment of students’ learning status, and strengthening students’ favorable behaviors. The active learning includes methods in which students play more roles than just listening and participate in information process and practice. Objective: The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of traditional teaching compared to the active teaching of stress management on academic performance in nursing students. Methods: The study population consisted of all 3rd-semester nursing undergraduate level students from Alborz Medical University. Participant including 50 students were randomly assigned to two 25-individual groups. The first group received traditional teaching (pamphlet, explaining, lecturing) and for the second group active teaching methods (brain storming, group discussion, ask questions, role play, role-play replacement…) were performed for 8 hours. All students completed the DASS 42 questionnaire. Findings: Independent t-test results indicated significant difference between students’ level of stress before and after traditional and active teaching of stress management. Knowing that both traditional and active teachings could reduce students’ stress, though active teaching was more effective. Moreover, active teaching compared to traditional method led to a better students’ academic performance. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that compared to the traditional method the active learning reduced the students’ anxiety and depression. Teaching stress management especially via an active learning is a suitable approach to improve students’ academic performance and to decrease the negative effects of anxiety, stress, and depression. Keywords: Stress, stress management, active learning, academic performanc

Investigating the Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Academic Archievement of Medical Students (2013)

Intensive use of the internet can be associated with negative psychological consequences and behavioral changes. These consequences affect different aspects of life including physical, mental and spiritual health and academic performance of the students as users. In this regard, this study is an attempt to determine the rate of internet addiction and its relationship to academic achievement among medical students of basic sciences studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, a sample size of 417 participants had been selected by stratified random sampling. To collect data a demographic questionnaire and a Farsi version of Young Internet Addiction Test was used. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, frequency Percent, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, chi-square and t-test) were used to analyze data. 57 out of 417 participants of the study (15.2%) had internet addiction. There was a significant relationship between time spent on the internet (p≤0.001) and number of failed credits in the semester prior to the study (P≤0.02 and r=-0.136). Internet addiction was not significantly associated with sex, age, age of the first internet use, parental education and academic achievement. By medical students of basic sciences internet addiction had no significant relationship with academic achievement; however, to study the effects of Internet addiction on other aspects of medical students' life is suggested

The Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schema’s Domains Between Successful And Non-Successful Opiate Addicts and Non-Clinical Persons

Introduction: The current research was done in order to compare the early maladaptive schema’s domains between successful and non-successful opiate addicts and non-clinical persons in Tehran. Method: The research design was causal effect method. In this purpose 90 men (include successful and non-successful opiate addicts, and non-clinical persons (30 for each group), were selected by the available sampling method. Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-RE2R), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Personal Characteristic Questionnaire were administered among selected sample. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, chi square, MANOVA, and tukey test. Results: The findings of this research indicated that there was a significant difference on “Early Maladaptive Schema’s domains” between these three groups. Conclusion: The results have important clinical interpretations. It is assumed that medical interference with the aim of modifying and correcting the “Early Maladaptive Schema’s domains” can be effective on the level of success for opiate addicts to give up their addiction

Comparing attentional control and intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and non clinical population.

Objective: Attention is an important factor in information processing; obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are two main emotional disorders with a chronic course. This research examined the relationship among attentional control and intrusive thoughts (worry, rumination and obsession) in these disorders. It was hypothesized that attentional control is a common factor in OCD and GAD. In addition, we compared worry, rumination and obsession among OCD, GAD and non- clinical participants . Method: The research sample included three groups: OCD (n = 25), GAD (n = 30) and non- clinical samples (n = 56). Data were collected using the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), Rumination Response Scale (RRS), Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using MANOVA and MANCOVA by SPSS-17 . Result: Multivariate Analy is of Variance revealed that the OCD and GAD groups reported greater deficits in attentional control, higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, rumination, worry, anxiety and depression compared to the control group. Conclusion: This research indicated a great attentional deficit in obsessive- compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. However, no significant difference was found between these two disorders

The Relationship Between Nonsuicidal Self-injury and Attachment: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BackgroundThe prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major concern in public health. Two main factors (individual and environmental) cause NSSI. Studies addressing NSSI often consider it as an emotion regulation strategy. Studying NSSI within the framework of attachment theory is reasonable since the capacities to regulate emotion come into existence in the framework of attachment in the first periods of a child’s growth. Primary studies addressing this topic are not frequent, and no systematic review has been conducted. ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to investigate the relationship between NSSI and attachment style and finding its relationship based on study design, study type, different types of attachments, and gender. MethodsAll studies on the relationship between NSSI and attachment will be included in this systematic review. We will include observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort, and case control) through searches in electronic databases via PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar as complementary search. Qualitative studies, case studies, case series, and letters to the editor will be excluded. There will be no language limitation. Moreover, there will be no limitations regarding the study participants’ age, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, and psychological problems. Funnel plots were examined if 10 or more studies are included, and the Begg and Egger statistical tests were used to assess the risk of bias. All similar data will be combined through the “metan” command by Stata statistical package (StataCorp). A fixed-effects or random-effects model, considering methodological similarities or differences, will be selected to determine a combination model. ResultsWe will summarize the selection of the eligible studies using a flowchart. The results will be presented in a table of evidence. The results of the meta-analysis will be depicted using diagrams and tables. ConclusionsIt seems necessary to carry out such systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis to present a summary of the published articles in terms of the relationship between NSSI and attachment. The results from this review will be used to improve our knowledge of the role of the upbringing of children and NSSI behavior and will help design appropriate interventions to address NSSI. Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42021226455; https://tinyurl.com/yc77wny8 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/4080

Psychometric Properties of iranian Version of Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in Low Back Pain Patients

Objective: One of the main factor sinfluencing chronicity and disability in low back pain is pain related fear and fear of movement. It was shown that fear of pain is more disabling than the pain itself. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia – Iranian version (TSK-IV) which is one of the most common instruments for measuring fear of movement and reinjury. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and methodologic study which is a tool making and validity testing research, 232 low back pain patients were selected simply from some hospitals and clinics in Tehran. Among these patients 61 patients, participated for retest after seven days. To evaluate psychometric properties of TSK–IV, internal consistency, item-total correlation, test-retest reliability and construct validity were measured. The tools which were used included TSK to measure fear of movement, VAS for measuring pain intensity, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaires (FABQ) for measuring the physical activity and work related fear and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to measure perceived disability were used. Results: TSK-Iranian version yielded acceptable values for internal consistency. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.796 in 17 items of TSK. Item-total correlation was in acceptable range except for four items. ICC between the first test and retest was 0.86. There was a moderate correlation between TSK and FABQ-PA and FABQ-W respectively 0.59 and 0.32. TSK and disability measure using RMDQ correlated (r=0.60) moderately. Conclusion: The Iranian version of TSK is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring fear of movement and injury in low back pain patients, similarly to its original English version. This instrument can be used in clinical environment and also for research purpose