Movilidad sostenible en entornos turísticos. Singularidades y medidas

Las medidas orientadas a la movilidad sostenible se encuentran generalmente bien desarrolladas, al menos en el plano teórico, para entornos urbanos convencionales, esto es, para ciudades donde la movilidad sigue una pauta esencialmente recurrente y vinculada a motivos como el trabajo y el estudio. Sin embargo, en entornos donde el turismo es una componente predominante, la movilidad es claramente diferente. Las motivaciones de los viajes son diferentes, la valoración del tiempo es diferente, las pautas espacio-temporales son diferentes. Por tanto, las medidas para la sostenibilidad de la movilidad han de ser diferentes

Worst cases for a one-hop high frequency link

The characterisation of a HF channel by means of monthly electron density profiles can be complemented with a detailed study of radio propagation «worst cases» on situations with extremes conditions of radiopropagation for a given period. These «worst cases» correspond to conditions that can be identified by means of cumulative distributions of the key parameter f0F2. This paper analyses the main parameters of the HF channel: time delay, apogee, elevation angle and transmission frequency with mean and extreme conditions. The method used to characterise the ionospheric channel is based on ray-tracing techniques.National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA)Dr. Moorhead of Neptune Radar Ltd.Gloucester U.

Worst cases for an one-hop high frequency link

The characterisation of a HF channel by means of monthly electron density profiles can be complemented with a detailed study of radio propagation «worst cases» on situations with extremes conditions of radiopropagation for a given period. These «worst cases» correspond to conditions that can be identified by means of cumulative distributions of the key parameter f0F2. In this paper, the main parameters of the HF channel: time delay, apogee, elevation angle and transmission frequency with mean and extreme conditions are analysed. The method used to characterise the ionospheric channel is based on ray-tracing techniques

A novel method for automatic detection and classification of movement patterns in short duration playing activities

Autonomous devices able to evaluate diverse situations without external help have become especially relevant in recent years because they can be used as an important source of relevant information about the activities performed by people (daily habits, sports performance, and health-related activities). Specifically, the use of this kind of device in childhood games might help in the early detection of developmental problems in children. In this paper, we propose a method for the detection and classification of movements performed with an object, based on an acceleration signal. This method can automatically generate patterns associated with a given movement using a set of reference signals, analyze sequences of acceleration trends, and classify the sequences according to the previously established patterns. This method has been implemented, and a series of experiments has been carried out using the data from a sensor-embedded toy. For the validation of the obtained results, we have, in parallel, developed two other classification systems based on popular techniques, i.e., a similarity search based on Euclidean distances and machine-learning techniques, specifically a support vector machine model. When comparing the results of each method, we show that our proposed method achieves a higher number of successes and higher accuracy in the detection and classification of isolated movement signals as well as in sequences of movements

Morphological and molecular characterization of local varieties, modern cultivars and wild relatives of an emerging vegetable crop, the pepino (Solanum muricatum), provides insight into its diversity, relationships and breeding history

Availability of standardized morphological and molecular characterization data is essential for the efficient development of breeding programmes in emerging crops. Pepino (Solanum muricatum) is an increasingly important vegetatively propagated vegetable crop for which concurrent data on morphological descriptors and molecular markers are not available. We evaluated 58 morphological traits, using a collection of 14 accessions of pepinos (including local Andean varieties and modern cultivars) and 8 of wild relatives, using the IPGRI and COMAV descriptors lists coupled with 20 EST-SSRs from tomato. High morphological diversity was found in both cultivated and wild accessions; all morphological traits except three were variable. Cultivated pepino and wild relatives were significantly different for 26 traits. Also, local varieties and modern cultivars of pepino were different from each other for 13 morphological traits and were clearly separated in a principal components analysis. Fourteen of the 20 tomato EST-SSRs were polymorphic, with an average number of alleles per locus of 4.07 and a polymorphic information content value of 0.4132. This revealed a high degree of transferability from tomato to pepino and wide molecular diversity in the collection. Cultivated materials manifest high levels of observed heterozygosity, suggesting that it is related to heterosis for yield associated with heterozygosis. SSR data clearly differentiated cultivated and wild materials. Furthermore, for pepinos, the modern varieties were genetically much less diverse than the traditional local varieties. However, both groups of cultivated material expressed a low degree of genetic differentiation. A strong correlation (r = 0.673) between morphological and molecular distances was found. Our results provide foundational information for programmes of germplasm conservation, and that can be used to enhance breeding for this emerging crop.Herraiz García, FJ.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Andújar, I.; Torrent Martí, D.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Gramazio, P.; Prohens Tomás, J. (2015). Morphological and molecular characterization of local varieties, modern cultivars and wild relatives of an emerging vegetable crop, the pepino (Solanum muricatum), provides insight into its diversity, relationships and breeding history. Euphytica. 206(2):301-318. doi:10.1007/s10681-015-1454-8S3013182062Abouelnasr H, Li YY, Zhang ZY, Liu JY, Li SF, Li W, Yu JL, McBeath JH, Han CG (2014) First report of Potato virus H on Solanum muricatum in China. Plant Dis 98:1016Anderson GJ (1975) The variation and evolution of selected species of Solanum section Basarthrum. Brittonia 27:209–222Anderson GJ (1979) Systematic and evolutionary consideration of Solanum section Basarthrum. 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Genomic tools for the enhancement of vegetable crops: a case in eggplant

[EN] Dramatic advances in genomics during the last decades have led to a revolution in the field of vegetable crops breeding. Some vegetables, like tomato, have served as model crops in the application of genomic tools to plant breeding but other important crops, like eggplant (Solanum melongena), lagged behind. The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and the continuous decrease of the sequencing costs have allowed to develop genomic tools with a greatly benefit for no-model plants such as eggplant. In this review we present the currently available genomic resources in eggplant and discuss their interest for breeding. The first draft of eggplant genome sequence and the new upcoming improved assembly, as well as the transcriptomes and RNA-based studies represent important genomic tools. The transcriptomes of cultivated eggplant and several wild relatives of eggplant are also available and have provided relevant information for the development of markers and understanding biological processes in eggplant. In addition, a historical overview of the eggplant genetic mapping studies, performed with different types of markers and experimental populations, provides a picture of the increase over time of the precision and resolution in the identification of candidate genes and QTLs for a wide range of stresses, and morphoagronomic and domestication traits. Finally, we discuss how the development of new genetic and genomic tools in eggplant can pave the way for increasing the efficiency of eggplant breeding for developing improved varieties able to cope with the old and new challenges in horticultural production.This work has been funded in part by the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. This project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. Funding has also been received from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops) and from Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO / FEDER). Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract. Mariola Plazas is grateful to Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for a post-doctoral grant within the Juan de la Cierva programme (FCJI-2015-24835). Giulio Mangino is grateful to Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana for a pre-doctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolia programme (GRISOLIAP / 2016/012).Gramazio, P.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Mangino, G.; Herraiz García, FJ.; García-Fortea, E.; Vilanova Navarro, S. (2018). Genomic tools for the enhancement of vegetable crops: a case in eggplant. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 46(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha46110936S11346

The first de novo transcriptome of pepino (Solanum muricatum): assembly, comprehensive analysis and comparison with the closely related species S. caripense, potato and tomato

[EN] Background Solanum sect. Basarthrum is phylogenetically very close to potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota) and tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon), two groups with great economic importance, and for which Solanum sect. Basarthrum represents a tertiary gene pool for breeding. This section includes the important regional cultigen, the pepino (Solanum muricatum), and several wild species. Among the wild species, S. caripense is prominent due to its major involvement in the origin of pepino and its wide geographical distribution. Despite the value of the pepino as an emerging crop, and the potential for gene transfer from both the pepino and S. caripense to potatoes and tomatoes, there has been virtually no genomic study of these species. Results Using Illumina HiSeq 2000, RNA-Seq was performed with a pool of three tissues (young leaf, flowers in pre-anthesis and mature fruits) from S. muricatum and S. caripense, generating almost 111,000,000 reads among the two species. A high quality de novo transcriptome was assembled from S. muricatum clean reads resulting in 75,832 unigenes with an average length of 704 bp. These unigenes were functionally annotated based on similarity of public databases. We used Blast2GO, to conduct an exhaustive study of the gene ontology, including GO terms, EC numbers and KEGG pathways. Pepino unigenes were compared to both potato and tomato genomes in order to determine their estimated relative position, and to infer gene prediction models. Candidate genes related to traits of interest in other Solanaceae were evaluated by presence or absence and compared with S. caripense transcripts. In addition, by studying five genes, the phylogeny of pepino and five other members of the family, Solanaceae, were studied. The comparison of S. caripense reads against S. muricatum assembled transcripts resulted in thousands of intra- and interspecific nucleotide-level variants. In addition, more than 1000 SSRs were identified in the pepino transcriptome. Conclusions This study represents the first genomic resource for the pepino. We suggest that the data will be useful not only for improvement of the pepino, but also for potato and tomato breeding and gene transfer. The high quality of the transcriptome presented here also facilitates comparative studies in the genus Solanum. The accurate transcript annotation will enable us to figure out the gene function of particular traits of interest. The high number of markers (SSR and nucleotide-level variants) obtained will be useful for breeding programs, as well as studies of synteny, diversity evolution, and phylogeny.Herraiz García, FJ.; Blanca Postigo, JM.; Ziarsolo Areitioaurtena, P.; Gramazio, P.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Anderson, GJ.; Prohens Tomás, J.... (2016). 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Fruit composition diversity in land races and modern pepino (Solanum muricatum) varieties and wild related species

[EN] Pepino (Solanum muricatum) fruits from 15 accessions of cultivated pepino as well as six accessions from wild relatives were evaluated for contents in dry matter, protein, b-carotene, chlorophylls and seven minerals. Several-fold differences among accessions were found for most traits. Average values obtained were similar to those of melon and cucumber, but the phenolic contents were much higher. Wild species had significantly higher average contents for all traits vs. the cultivated pepino accessions. And, the comparisons among the cultivated pepino varieties showed that the modern varieties were more uniform in composition, and they possessed significantly lower concentrations of protein, P, K, and Zn than local land races. Most of the significant correlations among composition traits were positive. Our studies show that regular consumption of pepino fruits could make a significant contribution to the recommended daily intake of P, K, Fe and Cu as well as to the average daily intake of phenolics. Furthermore, the higher values for most nutrients measured in the wild species and in the local land races indicate that new pepino varieties with improved fruit contents in nutrient and bioactive compounds can be developed.Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract.Herraiz García, FJ.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; García-Martínez, MD.; Gramazio, P.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.; Rodríguez Burruezo, A.... (2016). Fruit composition diversity in land races and modern pepino (Solanum muricatum) varieties and wild related species. Food Chemistry. 203:49-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.035S495820

A glimpse into relapsed refractory multiple myeloma treatment in real-world practice in Spain: the GeminiS study

Relapsed-refractory multiple mieloma; Monoclonal antibodies; Observational multicenter studyMieloma múltiple recidivant-refractari; Anticossos monoclonals; Estudi observacional multicèntricMieloma múltiple recidivante-refractario; Anticuerpos monoclonales; Estudio multicéntrico observacionalObjectives: To describe the incorporation of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in real-world (RW) practice for the treatment of patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in a setting with other treatment alternatives. Methods: This was an observational, multicenter, ambispective study of RRMM treated with or without a mAb. Results: A total of 171 patients were included. For the group treated without mAb, the median (95% CI) progression-free survival (PFS) to relapse was 22.4 (17.8-27.0) months; partial response or better (≥PR) and complete response or better (≥CR) was observed in 74.1% and 24.1% of patients, respectively; and median time to first response in first relapse was 2.0 months and in second relapse was 2.5 months. For the group of patients treated with mAb in first or second relapse, the median PFS was 20.9 (95% CI, could not be evaluated) months; the ≥ PR and ≥ CR rates were 76,2% and 28.6%, respectively; and the median time to first response in first relapse was 1.2 month and in second relapse was 1.0 months. The safety profiles for the combinations were consistent with those expected. Conclusions: The incorporation of mAb in RW practice for the treatment of RRMM has shown good quality and speed of response with a similar safety profile shown in randomized clinical trials. Keywords: Relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma; daratumumab; monoclonal antibodies; real-world; standard of care

Development of backcross generations and new interspecific hybrid combinations for introgression breeding in eggplant (Solanum melongena)

[EN] Introgression breeding can contribute to broadening the genetic background of eggplant (Solanum melongena). We used six eggplant varieties and 44 interspecific hybrids between these eggplant accessions and 10 accessions of wild relatives from the primary genepool species S. insanum and secondary genepool species S. anguivi, S. dasyphyllum, S. incanum, S. lichtensteinii, and S. tomentosum to obtain first backcross generations to S. melongena. Pollen viability in cultivated and wild parents and interspecific hybrids with S. insanum was high, while for interspecific hybrids with secondary genepool species it was variable. First backcross generations to S. melongena were obtained with interspecific hybrids of all the wild species, with the best results being obtained in crosses with hybrids between S. melongena and S. insanum. However, ample differences were observed among eggplant varieties in the success of the crosses. Additionally, the six eggplant varieties were crossed with secondary genepool species S. campylacanthum, S. lidii and S. vespertilio and with tertiary genepool species S. bonariense, S. elaeagnifolium and S. sisymbriifolium with the aim of obtaining new interspecific hybrids. Successful interspecific hybridization was achieved with the three new secondary genepool species tested and, using embryo rescue, with the tertiary genepool species S. elaeagnifolium. The new backcross generations and interspecific hybrids obtained will contribute to broadening the genetic background of the eggplant and to the genetic enhancement of this crop.This work was undertaken as part of the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Mew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. This work has also been funded in part by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops) and from Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO/FEDER, EU). Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract.Kouassi, B.; Prohens Tomás, J.; Gramazio, P.; Kouassi, A.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Galán-Ávila, A.; Herraiz García, FJ.... (2016). Development of backcross generations and new interspecific hybrid combinations for introgression breeding in eggplant (Solanum melongena). Scientia Horticulturae. 213:199-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.10.039S19920721