Influencia de factores abióticos en poblaciones de Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus 1758) (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

El Amazonas es una región de Sudamérica, considerada de vital importancia por su alta biodiversidad. Se constituye como uno de los ecosistemas terrestres más productivos del planeta, debido a su complejidad estructural y paisajística, alberga una gran riqueza de murciélagos, siendo Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae) una de las más comúnmente registradas, es principalmente frugívora, forrajeando en el estrato más bajo del bosque, son pocos los estudios acerca de su ecología y menos aún en la región amazónica; por consiguiente, el presente estudio pretende evaluar la influencia de factores abióticos en una población de la mencionada especie en el Amazonas brasilero. Para la captura de murciélagos se emplearon 8 redes de niebla en el bosque de terra firme en la amazonía central brasilera. Los datos de temperatura fueron proporcionados por el Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INMET-Brasil), mientras que el porcentaje de fase iluminada de la Luna para cada día de colecta se obtuvo mediante el software Moontool v. 2.0. En total fueron capturados 888 individuos: 358 machos y 530 hembras. Fue registrada una mayor frecuencia de individuos jóvenes (para ambos sexos) en la temporada de lluvias, así como de hembras lactantes y total de individuos registrados. El peso de los murciélagos no parece responder a la temporada climática. La temperatura no influenció significativamente las abundancias de individuos, sin embargo, el porcentaje de fase iluminada de la Luna sí, respondiendo a un fenómeno conocido como «fobia lunar». Los resultados sugieren que el clima sí puede influenciar en las poblaciones de esta especie de murciélago en los bosques de la Amazonía brasilera.The Amazon is a region of South America considered of vital importance due to its high biodiversity. It is considered as one of the most productive terrestrial ecosystems on the planet, due to its structural and landscape complexity. It harbors a great diversity of bats, being Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae) one of the most commonly recorded, it is mainly frugivorous, foraging in the lowest stratum of the forest, there are few studies about its ecology and even less in the Amazon region; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors (temperature, seasonality, illuminated phase of the Moon) on a population of the aforementioned species in the Brazilian Amazon. For the capture of bats, 8 mist nets were used in terra firme forest in the Brazilian central Amazon. The temperature data were provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET-Brazil), while the percentage of illuminated phase of the Moon for each day of collection was obtained by Moontool version 2.0 Software. In total, 888 individuals were captured: 358 males and 530 females. A higher frequency of young individuals (for both sexes) was recorded in the rainy season, as well as lactating females and the total of individuals recorded. The weight of the bats does not seem to respond to the climate season. The temperature did not significantly influence the abundance of individuals, however the percentage of illuminated phase of the Moon does, as has already been demonstrated by other authors, responding to a phenomenon known as «moon phobia». Results suggest that abiotic factors may influence on populations of this bat species in the forests of the Brazilian Amazon.Fil: Durán de la Ossa, Adrián Alonso. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Centro de Estudos de Biodiversidade; Brasi

An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building

Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution, especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption, emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in these results

An Application of Cooperative Game Theory to Distributed Control

18th World CongressThe International Federation of Automatic ControlMilano (Italy) August 28 - September 2, 2011In this paper we propose to study the underlying properties of a given distributed control scheme in which a set of agents switch between different communication strategies that define which network links are used in order to regulate to the origin a set of unconstrained linear systems. The problems of how to decide the time-varying communication strategy, share the benefits/costs and detect which are the most critical links in the network are solved using tools from game theory. The proposed scheme is demonstrated through a simulation example

Biodiesel production from olive-pomace oil of steam-treated alperujo

Recently interest has been revived in the use of plant-derived waste oils as renewable replacements for fossil diesel fuel. Olive–pomace oil (OPO) extracted from alperujo (by-product of processed olives for olive oil extraction), and produced it in considerable quantities throughout the Mediterranean countries, can be used for biodiesel production. A steam treatment of alperujo is being implemented in OPO extraction industry. This steam treatment improves the solid–liquid separation by centrifugation and facilitates the drying for further extraction of OPO. It has been verified that the steam treatment of this by-product also increases the concentration of OPO in the resulting treated solid, a key factor from an economic point of view. In the present work, crude OPO from steam-treated alperujo was found to be good source for producing biodiesel. Oil enrichment, acidity, biodiesel yield and fatty acid methyl ester composition were evaluated and compared with the results of the untreated samples. Yields and some general physicochemical properties of the quality of biodiesel were also compared to those obtained with other oils commonly used in biodiesel production. As for biodiesel yield no differences were observed. A transesterification process which included two steps was used (acid esterification followed by alkali transesterification). The maximum biodiesel yield was obtained using molar ratio methanol/triglycerides 6:1 in presence of sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 1% (w/w), reaction temperature 60 °C and reaction time 80 min. Under these conditions the process gave yields of about 95%, of the same order as other feedstock using similar production conditions.Junta de Andalucía (P06-AGR- 01906)Dr. Guillermo Rodríguez is grateful to the JAE-Doc Programme (CSIC) co-funded by European Social Fund (Operational Programme ESF 2007-2013

Estudio cinético comparativo del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín en los intervalos mesofílico y termofílico de temperatura

A kinetic study of anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater in the mesophilic (from 30ºC to 40°C) and thermophilic (from 50ºC to 60ºC) ranges of temperature has been carried out. Two reactors containing suspended biomass were used.
 The Chen-Hashimoto substrate utilization kinetic model has been applied, obtaining the values of the maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms, μ<sub>max</sub>,. and the kinetic constant, K, for each case studied.
 The obtained results showed an increase of 55% and 34% for μ<sub>max</sub> and K, respectively, of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process in relation to the mesophilic process.
 The substrate utilization maximum rate value was reached for the hydraulic retention times of 7,7 and 11,6 days, for the thermophilic and mesophilic processes, respectively.<br><br>Se ha efectuado un estudio cinético del proceso de digestión anaerobia del alpechín en los intervalos mesofílico (de 30ºC a 40ºC) y termofílico (de 50ºC a 60°C) de temperatura, utilizando dos reactores de lecho fluidizado con biomasa suspendida.
 Se aplica el modelo de utilización de sustrato propuesto por Chen- Hashimoto, obteniéndose los valores de la velocidad máxima de crecimiento específico de microorganismos, μ<sub>max</sub>, y de la constante cinética del proceso, K, para cada uno de los casos estudiados.
 Se obtiene un aumento de los parámetros cinéticos μ<sub>max</sub>. y K, del 55% y 34% respectivamente, en el proceso de digestión anaerobia termofílico respecto al mesofílico.
 El valor máximo en la velocidad volumétrica de utilización de sustrato se alcanza para un tiempo de retención hidráulico de 7,7 y 11,6 días en los procesos termofílico y mesofílico, respectivamente