J Agric Food Chem

Pine knot extract from Pinus pinaster byproducts was characterized by UHPLC-DAD-MS and NMR. Fourteen polyphenols divided into four classes were identified as follows: lignans (nortrachelogenin, pinoresinol, matairesinol, isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol), flavonoids (pinocembrin, pinobanksin, dihydrokaempferol, taxifolin), stilbenes (pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, pterostilbene), and phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid). The antifungal potential of pine knot extract, as well as the main compounds, was tested in vitro against Plasmopara viticola. The ethanolic extract showed a strong antimildew activity. In addition, pinosylvins and pinocembrin demonstrated significant inhibition of zoospore mobility and mildew development. These findings strongly suggest that pine knot is a potential biomass that could be used as a natural antifungal product

REDS study: Retrospective effectiveness study of dalbavancin and other standard of care of the same IV antibiotic class in patients with ABSSSI

Objectives: Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSIs) are a common source of morbidity in both the community and hospital settings. The current standard of care (SoC) requires multiple-dose intravenous (IV) regimens, which are associated with high hospitalisation rates, concomitant event risks and costs. Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide, long-acting antibiotic that is effective against Gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Dalbavancin allows treat-ment of ABSSSIs with a single-shot IV administration or once weekly for 2 weeks, enabling clinicians to treat patients in an outpatient setting or to shorten the length of hospital stay.Methods: This multicentre, observational, retrospective study compared hospitalised patients who re-ceived dalbavancin and patients treated with the three most used IV antibiotics of the same or similar class: vancomycin, teicoplanin and daptomycin. The primary outcome was the time to discharge after starting the study antibiotics.Results: The primary endpoint, time to discharge from the study therapy start, was measured for both groups: the median number of days was 6.5 in the dalbavancin group vs. 11.0 days in the SoC group. Moreover, in subpopulations of patients receiving one or more concomitant antibiotics active for Gram -positives, MRSA and patients with the most prevalent comorbidity (i.e., diabetes), the advantage of dal-bavancin in terms of length of stay was confirmed, with a halved time to discharge or more. Safety data on dalbavancin were consistent with data collected in clinical trials. No serious adverse drug reactions related to dalbavancin were reported and most of them were classified as skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. One serious ADR was reported for daptomycin.Conclusions: Although the analysis was only descriptive, it can be concluded that dalbavancin may enable a remarkable reduction in length of hospital stay, also confirming the clinical effectiveness and good safety profile demonstrated in clinical trials in a real-world setting.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/