Global compliance with hepatitis b vaccine birth dose and factors related to timely schedule. A literature review

Objectives: Identify global barriers for delivery of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose. Methods: A search for cross sectional studies published between January 2001 and December 2017 was conducted using the following Mesh terms: "Vaccination"[Mesh], "Mass Vaccination"[Mesh], "Hepatitis B"[Mesh], "Hepatitis B virus"[Mesh], "Hepatitis B Surface Antigens"[Mesh]. Databases consulted included: PUBMED, SCIELO, EMBASE and BIREME. To evaluate the quality of studies, we used an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cross sectional studies. Results: An initial list of 6,789 articles were generated by the combination of search terms. After reviewing titles and abstracts, they were reduced to 134 for full reading, and 22 studies were included in the barriers analysis. The region with more references was Western Pacific while eastern Mediterranean had the lowest. Being born outside of a health facility and weakness of outreach vaccination service seems to be the most important an cited factors related to underperformance of birth dose delivery. In developed countries, hospital policies on birth dose vaccination was the main factor associated to no vaccintion with the birth dose. Conclusions: New ways to deliver hepatitis B vaccines to neonates being born at home or outside health facilities should be envisaged and applied, if the goal of eliminating perinatal transmission of hepatitis B is to be achieved

Additional file 1: of Compliance with birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine in high endemic and hard to reach areas in the Colombian amazon: results from a vaccination survey

Study database containing Hepatitis B vaccination data from participants, Leticia, Puerto Nariño, Tarapacá; Amazon department, Colombia 2011–2012. (XLSX 256 kb

Characterization of hepatitis B virus in Amerindian children and mothers from Amazonas State, Colombia

<div><p>Background</p><p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In the 1980’s a highly effective and safe vaccine against HBV was developed, although breakthrough infection still occasionally occurs because of the emergence of escape mutants. The aim of this study was to identify HBV genotypes and escape mutants in children and their mothers in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas State, Southern Colombia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Blood specimens collected from children and mothers belonging to 37 Amerindian communities in Amazonas state, were screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc using ELISA. The partial region containing the S ORF was amplified by nested PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA 5.05 software.</p><p>Results</p><p>Forty-six children (46/1275, 3.6%) and one hundred and seventy-seven mothers (177/572, 30.9%) were tested positive for the anti-HBc serological marker. Among them, 190 samples were tested for viral genome detection; 8.3% (2/31) serum samples obtained from children and 3.1% (5/159) from mothers were positive for the ORF S PCR. The predominant HBV genotype in the study population was F, subgenotype F1b; in addition, subgenotype F1a and genotype A were also characterized. Two HBV escape mutants were identified, G145R, reported worldwide, and W156*; this stop codon was identified in a child with occult HBV infection. Other mutations were found, L109R and G130E, located in critical positions of the HBsAg sequence.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotype F, subgenotypes F1b and F1a, and genotype A in Amerindian communities and for the first time escape mutants in Colombia. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the frequency and the epidemiological impact of the escape mutants in the country.</p></div

Alignment of amino acids corresponding to the major hydrophilic region (MHR) sequence of HBsAg of HBV, using the MEGA 5.05 software.

<p>The samples 020_SJ Atacuari_AM, 045_SJ Atacuari_AM, 048_Naranjales_AM, 051_Pto Esperanza_AM, 127_Boyahuazi_AM, 180_Pto Esperanza_AM and 189_Tarapacá_AM, were aligned with the reference sequence FJ589070.1 from GenBank. Arrow: identified escape mutants and potential escape mutants, amino acids 124–147: “<i>a</i>” determinant.</p

Demographic data and markers of HBV infection in Amerindian children and mothers from the Amazonas State.

<p>Demographic data and markers of HBV infection in Amerindian children and mothers from the Amazonas State.</p

HBV serological profile of mother/child pair of the study population.

<p>HBV serological profile of mother/child pair of the study population.</p

Phylogenetic tree without root of the S ORF (422–758 nt) of the HBV genome.

<p>The study sequences shown with red plots belong to the vaccinated children and the blue plots belong to the mothers. The sequences were compared with sequences of HBV genotypes A-I. The tree was generated using the MEGA 5.05 software, method Neighbor-Joining, model Kimura 2 parameters plus distribution gamma; the bootstraps were obtained with 1000 replicas.</p

HBV infection markers in Amerindian children and mothers from the Amazonas State.

<p>HBV infection markers in Amerindian children and mothers from the Amazonas State.</p