Le territoire dans la mondialisation : entre migration et indigénat

International audienceLa conception française du territoire s'est forgée au cours de plusieurs siècles de centralisation mettant à mal les identités locales, dans une dynamique nationale et impériale qui fonde la supériorité du centre civilisateur sur ses périphéries rurales. Les secousses du XXème siècle pourraient provoquer une nécessaire rupture épistémologique mais les institutions globales, telle la Banque Mondiale, élaborent des protocoles d'indigénisation qui loin de valider la vision " primitive " du territoire entérinent le déracinement du citoyen ordinaire

Multiple shifts and fractional integration in the us and uk unemployment rates

This paper analyses the long-run behaviour of the US and UK unemployment rates by testing for possibly fractional orders of integration and multiple shifts using a sample of over 100 annual observations. The results show that the orders of integration are higher than 0 in both series, which implies long memory. If we assume that the underlying disturbances are white noise, the values are higher than 0.5, i.e., nonstationary. However, if the disturbances are autocorrelated, the orders of integration are in the interval (0, 0.5), implying stationarity and mean-reverting behaviour. Moreover, when multiple shifts are taken into account, unemployment is more persistent in the US than in the UK, implying the need for stronger policy action in the former to bring unemployment back to its original level

Complementary Metagenomic Approaches Improve Reconstruction of Microbial Diversity in a Forest Soil.

Soil ecosystems harbor diverse microorganisms and yet remain only partially characterized as neither single-cell sequencing nor whole-community sequencing offers a complete picture of these complex communities. Thus, the genetic and metabolic potential of this "uncultivated majority" remains underexplored. To address these challenges, we applied a pooled-cell-sorting-based mini-metagenomics approach and compared the results to bulk metagenomics. Informatic binning of these data produced 200 mini-metagenome assembled genomes (sorted-MAGs) and 29 bulk metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The sorted and bulk MAGs increased the known phylogenetic diversity of soil taxa by 7.2% with respect to the Joint Genome Institute IMG/M database and showed clade-specific sequence recruitment patterns across diverse terrestrial soil metagenomes. Additionally, sorted-MAGs expanded the rare biosphere not captured through MAGs from bulk sequences, exemplified through phylogenetic and functional analyses of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes Analysis of 67 Bacteroidetes sorted-MAGs showed conserved patterns of carbon metabolism across four clades. These results indicate that mini-metagenomics enables genome-resolved investigation of predicted metabolism and demonstrates the utility of combining metagenomics methods to tap into the diversity of heterogeneous microbial assemblages.IMPORTANCE Microbial ecologists have historically used cultivation-based approaches as well as amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to characterize microbial diversity in soil. However, challenges persist in the study of microbial diversity, including the recalcitrance of the majority of microorganisms to laboratory cultivation and limited sequence assembly from highly complex samples. The uncultivated majority thus remains a reservoir of untapped genetic diversity. To address some of the challenges associated with bulk metagenomics as well as low throughput of single-cell genomics, we applied flow cytometry-enabled mini-metagenomics to capture expanded microbial diversity from forest soil and compare it to soil bulk metagenomics. Our resulting data from this pooled-cell sorting approach combined with bulk metagenomics revealed increased phylogenetic diversity through novel soil taxa and rare biosphere members. In-depth analysis of genomes within the highly represented Bacteroidetes phylum provided insights into conserved and clade-specific patterns of carbon metabolism

L’espace, une dimension de la sociologie : la mobilité au féminin

La mobilité est un aspect spécifique du rapport des sociologues à l’espace, que l’auteur intègre dans ses recherches sur le rôle des femmes dans l’Islam marchand ouest-africain, comme un indicateur du statut et des stratégies féminines. Space as a dimension of sociology : women and mobility One main dimension of the sociologist’s approach to space is mobility. In the author’s research on female traders in Muslim West Africa, mobility is analysed as an indicator of women’s status, strategies and achievement

Relación de los cuidados de enfermería brindados con la aparición de complicaciones a paciente acoplado a ventilación mecánica en la sala de cuidados intensivos del Hospital escuela Dr. Roberto Calderón Gutiérrez, II semestre 2015.

El presente estudio se basa en la relación de los cuidados brindados por el personal de enfermería con la evolución de los pacientes acoplados a ventilación mecánica para valorar la influencia positiva o negativa que estos tienen sobre cada paciente. La ventilación mecánica se conoce como un procedimiento de respiración artificial que emplea un aparato para suplir o colaborar con la función respiratoria de una persona que no puede realizarlo por sí mismo. En la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital escuela DR. Roberto calderón Gutiérrez aproximadamente un 60% de los pacientes son acoplados a ventilación mecánica por múltiples causas, por ello el personal de enfermería brinda cuidados con calidad y calidez esperando que estos tengan un efecto positivo en la evolución del paciente. El estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte trasversal En los instrumentos esta una guía de observación, encuesta y una guía de revisión documental. El análisis de los datos se realizó en el programa de excell y tablas de contingencia con gráficos (barra, pasteles). Se realizó revisión documental donde se observó la aparición de las complicaciones hemodinámicas en un 50%, complicaciones/infecciones se observó que hubo aparición en un 50% de neumonías asociadas al ventilador mecánico y dentro de las complicaciones psicológicas se observó 33% rechazo a los procedimientos y ansiedad de pacientes, el 16% presento depresión y en otras complicaciones se observó la insuflación del manguito en un 100%. Palabras claves: Cuidados de enfermería, ventilación mecánica, evolución del paciente, complicaciones

Suite au débat…

Héritages historiques, structures spatiales et mouvements sociaux : pour une vision plus optimiste de la Pologne postcommuniste. (Martine Berger)L’analyse « géopolitique » et « géoculturelle » de Bohdan ne fait pratiquement pas référence à un point qui revient sans cesse dans les discussions que nous pouvons avoir avec nos collègues géographes polonais : la Pologne a relevé, au xixe siècle, de trois « empires » différents, qui n’ont pas eu, à l’égard des territoires qu’ils contrôlaient, la mê..

Suite au débat…

Héritages historiques, structures spatiales et mouvements sociaux : pour une vision plus optimiste de la Pologne postcommuniste. (Martine Berger)L’analyse « géopolitique » et « géoculturelle » de Bohdan ne fait pratiquement pas référence à un point qui revient sans cesse dans les discussions que nous pouvons avoir avec nos collègues géographes polonais : la Pologne a relevé, au xixe siècle, de trois « empires » différents, qui n’ont pas eu, à l’égard des territoires qu’ils contrôlaient, la mê..

The Eyes Have It: Sex and Sexual Orientation Differences in Pupil Dilation Patterns

Recent research suggests profound sex and sexual orientation differences in sexual response. These results, however, are based on measures of genital arousal, which have potential limitations such as volunteer bias and differential measures for the sexes. The present study introduces a measure less affected by these limitations. We assessed the pupil dilation of 325 men and women of various sexual orientations to male and female erotic stimuli. Results supported hypotheses. In general, self-reported sexual orientation corresponded with pupil dilation to men and women. Among men, substantial dilation to both sexes was most common in bisexual-identified men. In contrast, among women, substantial dilation to both sexes was most common in heterosexual-identified women. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Because the measure of pupil dilation is less invasive than previous measures of sexual response, it allows for studying diverse age and cultural populations, usually not included in sexuality research

Location of the CD8 T Cell Epitope within the Antigenic Precursor Determines Immunogenicity and Protection against the Toxoplasma gondii Parasite

CD8 T cells protect the host from disease caused by intracellular pathogens, such as the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) protozoan parasite. Despite the complexity of the T. gondii proteome, CD8 T cell responses are restricted to only a small number of peptide epitopes derived from a limited set of antigenic precursors. This phenomenon is known as immunodominance and is key to effective vaccine design. However, the mechanisms that determine the immunogenicity and immunodominance hierarchy of parasite antigens are not well understood.Here, using genetically modified parasites, we show that parasite burden is controlled by the immunodominant GRA6-specific CD8 T cell response but not by responses to the subdominant GRA4- and ROP7-derived epitopes. Remarkably, optimal processing and immunodominance were determined by the location of the peptide epitope at the C-terminus of the GRA6 antigenic precursor. In contrast, immunodominance could not be explained by the peptide affinity for the MHC I molecule or the frequency of T cell precursors in the naive animals. Our results reveal the molecular requirements for optimal presentation of an intracellular parasite antigen and for eliciting protective CD8 T cells. © 2013 Feliu et al