Morphologische anomalien bei anuren aus dem mittleren Mexiko: ein Fallbericht (anura: Ranidae, hylidae)

high rates of morphological abnormalities (malformations) in amphibians are attributed to parasites, chemical pollution, uv radiation and selective predation. the objectives of this study were to quantify and qualify the external, gross-morphological abnormalities in anurans of the sierra nanchititla natural Reserve (Mexico) and to identify possible causes. six specimens (6.23 %) out of 95 Lithobates forreri (BoulengeR, 1883), as well as two “bycatch“ specimens of Lithobates zweifeli (hIllIs, FRost & WeBB, 1984), and Hyla arenicolor CoPe, 1866, showed a total of eight types of morphological abnormalities. the observed abnormality rate thus slightly exceeded the assumed background rate of five percent in a population. among macroparasites, nematoda (Ozwaldocruzia sp. and Rhabdias savagei) and trematoda (Haematoloechus sp. and Gorgoderina tarascae) were present in internal organs, and chigger mites (Hannemania sp.) on the skin. In the muscle samples, lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) were not detected nor quantified, whereas low (physiological) concentrations of zinc (Zn) were found. In the water samples, Pb was not detected and Zn and Cu was within the level for rivers as accepted in Mexico. the authors reject as possible causes for the observed, increased rate of abnormalities: (1) the effect of macroparasites, due to the absence of trematoda of the genus Riberoia that are known to develop anatomical abnormalities; and, (2) chemical pollution by Pb, Cu and Zn. Possible causes are discussed

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues experiences and published evidence. Methods: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues' experiences and published evidence