Cohort profile: South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC)-a prospective longitudinal birth cohort

PURPOSE: The South Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (SAABC) is a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort established to: (1) estimate Aboriginal child dental disease compared with population estimates; (2) determine the efficacy of an early childhood caries intervention in early versus late infancy; (3) examine if efficacy was sustained over time and; (4) document factors influencing social, behavioural, cognitive, anthropometric, dietary and educational attainment over time. PARTICIPANTS: The original SAABC comprised 449 women pregnant with an Aboriginal child recruited February 2011 to May 2012. At child age 2 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained, at age 3 years, 324 (74%) participants were retained and at age 5 years, 299 (69%) participants were retained. Fieldwork for follow-up at age 7 years is underway, with funding available for follow-up at age 9 years. FINDINGS TO DATE: At baseline, 53% of mothers were aged 14-24 years and 72% had high school or less educational attainment. At age 3 years, dental disease experience was higher among children exposed to the intervention later rather than earlier in infancy. The effect was sustained at age 5 years, but rates were still higher than general child population estimates. Experiences of racism were high among mothers, with impacts on both tooth brushing and toothache. Compared with population estimates, levels of self-efficacy and self-rated oral health of mothers at baseline were low. FUTURE PLANS: Our data have contributed to a better understanding of the environmental, behavioural, dietary, biological and psychosocial factors contributing to Aboriginal child oral and general health, and social and emotional well-being. This is beneficial in charting the trajectory of cohort participants' health and well-being overtime, particularly in identifying antecedents of chronic diseases which are highly prevalent among Aboriginal Australians. Funding for continued follow-up of the cohort will be sought. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12611000111976; Post-results.Lisa M Jamieson, Joanne Hedges, X Ju, Kostas Kapellas, Cathy Leane, Dandara G Haa

Phase transitions in the spinless Falicov-Kimball model with correlated hopping

The canonical Monte-Carlo is used to study the phase transitions from the low-temperature ordered phase to the high-temperature disordered phase in the two-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model with correlated hopping. As the low-temperature ordered phase we consider the chessboard phase, the axial striped phase and the segregated phase. It is shown that all three phases persist also at finite temperatures (up to the critical temperature $\tau_c$) and that the phase transition at the critical point is of the first order for the chessboard and axial striped phase and of the second order for the segregated phase. In addition, it is found that the critical temperature is reduced with the increasing amplitude of correlated hopping $t'$ in the chessboard phase and it is strongly enhanced by $t'$ in the axial striped and segregated phase.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity in uninephrectomized and dehydrated female wistar rats

The present study evaluated renal injury induced by contrast media diatrizoate and lopamidol in uninephrectomized and dehydrated female wistar rats. 22 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to the treatment performed: GI – Saline (n=5), GII – Sham (n=5), GIII – diatrizoate (n=5) and GIV – Lopamidol (n=7). The effects induced by contrast media were evaluated by seric levels of creatinine and by descriptive and semi-quantitative renal histopathology. There was no difference in renal function 3 hours after administration of diatrizoate and lopamidol.  Proximal tubular cells vacuolization was proeminent (3+) in lopamidol and diatrizoate group. Therefore, according to renal function evaluation, low-osmolar contrast media was so nephrotoxic as the high-osmolar one.O presente estudo avaliou os danos renais causados pela administração dos contrastes radiológicos diatrizoato de sódio, iônico e hiperosmolar e do lopamidol, não iônico e de baixa osmolaridade, em ratos Wistar fêmeas uni-nefrectomizados e em restrição hídrica. Foram utilizados 22 ratos Wistar fêmeas, sendo divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o tratamento efetuado: GI – salina (n=5), GII – Sham (n=5), GIII - diatrizoato de sódio (n=5) e GIV – lopamidol (n=7).  Os efeitos produzidos pelos contrastes radiológicos foram avaliados pela dosagem de creatinina sérica e pela histopatologia renal descritiva e semiquantitativa. No 18º dia do experimento, três horas após aplicação intravenosa do contraste diatrizoato (GIII) houve um aumento significativo nos níveis de creatinina sérica em relação aos grupos controles salina (GI) e Sham (GII). Após a administração do lopamidol (GIV) houve um decréscimo no nível de cretinina sérica. No entanto, comparando-se os grupos diatrizoato (GIII) e lopamidol (GIV), no 18º dia, não foi notada diferença estatística na função renal. A vacuolização das células dos túbulos renais foi acentuada (3+) tanto no grupo que recebeu o contraste diatrizoato quanto no grupo lopamidol. Com base na função renal, neste experimento, o contraste de baixa osmolaridade e não iônico mostrou-se tão nefrotóxico quanto o de alta osmolaridade e iônico

Recomendações Para O Tratamento Da Crise Migranosa - Um Consenso Brasileiro

In this article, a group of experts in headache management of the Brazilian Headache Society developed through a consensus strategic measurements to treat a migraine attack in both the child and the adult. Particular emphasis was laid on the treatment of migraine in women, including at pregnancy, lactation and perimenstrual period. © 2016, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.74326227

Trabalho, terra e geração de renda em três décadas de reflorestamentos no alto Jequitinhonha.

A partir dos anos 1970, as chapadas do Alto Jequitinhonha, localizadas no nordeste de Minas Gerais, até então áreas de uso comum de agricultores familiares, foram plantadas com eucaliptos. O objetivo deste artigo é comparar os efeitos do reflorestamento sobre a estrutura fundiária, valor da produção agrícola e ocupação rural com os efeitos da produção agrícola familiar sobre essas mesmas variáveis na microrregião homogênea de Capelinha, no Alto Jequitinhonha. Tal microrregião foi escolhida para o estudo por ser a área de maior concentração de eucaliptais da região. Foram utilizados dados secundários dos Censos do IBGE para os anos de 1970, 1980, 1985 e 1996, além de dados secundários de pesquisas realizadas sobre a região em questão, incluindo entrevistas com dirigentes de empresas e lideranças sindicais. O artigo conclui que, em trinta anos, o reflorestamento concentrou terras e criou um número reduzido de empregos; a agricultura familiar, ao contrário, teve suas áreas de terras comprimidas e super-exploradas em decorrência da perda das chapadas, mas continuou sendo a principal responsável pela geração de ocupações e rendas na região