waste silica sources as heavy metal stabilizers for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Abstract The present work discusses a new method, based on the use of silica fume, for heavy metal stabilization. The inertization procedure is reported and compared with other technologies, involving the employ of amorphous silica as stabilizing agent for municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash treatment (i.e. colloidal silica and rice husk ash). The obtained final materials are characterized in terms of chemical composition and phase analysis. The reported method, realized at room temperature, employs all waste or by-product materials. As a consequence it appears to be economically and environmentally sustainable

Nanoliter contact angle probes tumor angiogenic ligand-receptor protein interactions

Any molecular recognition reaction supported by a solid-phase drives a specific change of the solid-solution interfacial tension. Sessile Contact Angle (CA) experiments can be readily used to track this thermodynamic parameter, prompting this well-known technique to be reinvented as an alternative, easy-access and label-free way to probe and study molecular recognition events. Here we deploy this technique, renamed for this application CONAMORE (CONtact Angle MOlecular REcognition), to study the interaction of the tumor-derived pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) with the extracellular domain of its receptor VEGFR2. We show that CONAMORE recognizes the high affinity binding of VEGF-A at nanomolar concentrations to surface-immobilized VEGFR2 regardless of the presence of a ten folds excess of a non specific interacting protein, and that it further proofs its specificity and reliability on competitive binding experiments involving neutralizing anti-VEGF-A antibodies. Finally, CONAMORE shows the outstanding capability to detect the specific interaction between VEGFR2 and low molecular weight ligands, such as Cyclo-VEGI, a VEGFR2 antagonist cyclo-peptide, that weights about 2 kDa

Coordination Geometry and Catalytic Activity of Vanadium on TiO2 Surfaces

The Brown-Altermatt model is applied to evaluate the oxidation states of vanadium on the TiO2(001)-rutile and -anatase surfaces.On the basis of this model, possible correlations between different geometries of vanadium crystallographic sites on these surfaces and the vanadium oxidation states are studied. The study of these geometries helps in interpreting both activity and selectivity in catalyzed reactions

Chemical Physics Letters Volume 214, Issue 2, 29 October 1993, Pages 208-214 A study of the electronic structure of decagonal Al70Ni15CO15 quasi-crystal

The electronic structure of Al70Ni15Co15 decagonal quasi-crystal has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The disappearance of the Ni2p(3d9) satellite and the decreased intensity of the 3F state in the NiL3M45M45 Auger spectra indicate a strong d-sp hybridization accompanied by the filling of the Ni3d bands. The filling of the Ni3d bands produces closed-shell type XPS spectra of the Ni core lines, while Co core line XPS spectra show that a significant amount of d holes are still localized on Co. This picture suggests that the magnetic properties are mainly determined by Co. The dispersion of the 3d holes is also responsible for the drop of the 3d states near EF but the angle integrated density of states does not exhibit a pseudo-gap. Finally, the correlation energy, UA, has been calculated from the kinetic energy of the 1G term of the NiL3M45M45 Auger emission

DIFFRACTION AND XPS STUDIES OF CU COMPLEXES OF INTERCALATED COMPOUNDS OF ALPHA-ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE .2. XPS ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES

The description of the crystallographic structure of Cu complexes of intercalated compounds of alpha-Zr(HPO4)2 . H2O (alpha-ZrP) reported in part I of this work is implemented with an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study performed on the same samples. The experiments carried out at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures, show, in contrast with data previously reported, that Cu2+ ions are reduced by the Al-Kalpha and Mg-Kalpha radiations. Nevertheless, some information on the electronic structure has been achieved for those elements that are not photoreduced. In particular, the N1s core line due to the interaction of nitrogen in the phenanthroline with hydrogen in the structure has been identified, and the suppression of this interaction with the increasing concentration of copper has been demonstrated

A cluster-modeling study of the structure of yttria-stabilized zirconias

The Zr and Y coordination polyhedra, as found in the room-temperature phases of their pure oxides, are used as building blocks in modeling the structures of yttria-stabilized zirconias (YSZ). It is found that, in order to obtain the right coordination geometry, three clusters of four Zr- and Y-based building blocks can be constructed. When Y building blocks are present in a cluster they form a couple, characterized by a common structural vacancy, a neutral defect which can be defined when an oxygen is missing with respect to the case of the Zr seven coordination in monoclinic zirconia. It is shown that this model fairly well justifies the experimental results obtained by others. In conclusion, this kind of cluster modeling is proposed as a general method for solving structural problems in other mixed oxide

The research scene of femtosecond X-ray diffraction

. Invited review