Cracking Of Petroleum Residues By Reactive Molecular Distillation

It is known that the Brazilian oils are more heavy - super heavy - viscous, its operation is difficult, especially its production, including all stages - elevation, runoff and primary processing - in addition to their transfer, and refining itself. Studies indicate the existence of oil fields as heavy lifting and that the simple flow of the base of the pit to the surface seems impossible at first sight, especially in off-shore fields, compromising both technically and economically a project to produce a new field. Therefore, efforts are needed to develop alternatives aimed at reducing the API gravity, viscosity and sulfur content of extra-heavy oil, adding a higher commercial value for these oils. This work aims to study, propose and develop enhanced hybrid process that transforms the extra-heavy oil, or part thereof, in lighter crude oil to generate a mixture: lower sulfur content, lower density, lower viscosity, lower content of volatile (aromatics and asphaltenes), greater resistance to the processes of purification. The process studied is the Reactive molecular distillation with the addition of tetralin that suffer from high temperature cracking of molecules, providing protons that help the breakdown of asphaltenes and residues will suffer as a consequence physicochemical changes, such as those mentioned above. This way you can improve the problems associated with the deposition of asphaltenes at high temperatures. The conversion of light with immediate reduction of API gravity and sulfur content promoted a better use of extra-heavy oil and the DMR is a product of high-value oil and very interesting for the oil industry and the environment. The experimental work proposed in this study was conducted to cracking and separation of fractions and petroleum. The evaluation and characterization of the cracking results were obtained after analysis of properties such as density, viscosity, sulfur content, molar mass and mass balance of the currents. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.42329334Erciyes, A.T., Ishikawa, H., Inuzuka, M., Hiraoka, S., Mori, H.E., Yamada, I., Vaporization of binary liquid mixtures from surface at reduced pressure (1987) Chem Eng Symp Series, 1, pp. A359-A371Moraes, E.B., Batistella, C.B., Torres Alvarez, M.E., Maciel Filho, R., Wolf Maciel, M.R., Evaluation of tocopherol recovery through simulation of molecular distillation process (2004) Appl Biochem Biotech, 114, pp. 689-711Noeres, C., Kenig, E.Y., Górak, A., Modelling of reactive separation processes (2003) Reactive Absorption and Reactive Distillation. Chem Eng Process, 42, pp. 157-178Duarte, F.A., Mello, P.A., Bizzi, C.A., Nunes, M.A.G., Moreira, E.M., Alencar, M.S., Motta, H.N., Flores, E.M.M., Sulfur removal from hydrotreated petroleum fractions using ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process (2001) Fuel, 90, pp. 2158-216

Dengue in Madeira Island

This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in the volume Mathematics of Planet Earth that initiates the book series CIM Series in Mathematical Sciences (CIM-MS) published by Springer. Submitted Oct/2013; Revised 16/July/2014 and 20/Sept/2014; Accepted 28/Sept/2014.Dengue is a vector-borne disease and 40% of world population is at risk. Dengue transcends international borders and can be found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas. A model for dengue disease transmission, composed by mutually-exclusive compartments representing the human and vector dynamics, is presented in this study. The data is from Madeira, a Portuguese island, where an unprecedented outbreak was detected on October 2012. The aim of this work is to simulate the repercussions of the control measures in the fight of the disease