Fungus Metarhizium robertsii and neurotoxic insecticide affect gut immunity and microbiota in Colorado potato beetles

Fungal infections and toxicoses caused by insecticides may alter microbial communities and immune responses in the insect gut. We investigated the effects of Metarhizium robertsii fungus and avermectins on the midgut physiology of Colorado potato beetle larvae. We analyzed changes in the bacterial community, immunity- and stress-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and detoxification enzyme activity in response to topical infection with the M. robertsii fungus, oral administration of avermectins, and a combination of the two treatments. Avermectin treatment led to a reduction in microbiota diversity and an enhancement in the abundance of enterobacteria, and these changes were followed by the downregulation of Stat and Hsp90, upregulation of transcription factors for the Toll and IMD pathways and activation of detoxification enzymes. Fungal infection also led to a decrease in microbiota diversity, although the changes in community structure were not significant, except for the enhancement of Serratia. Fungal infection decreased the production of ROS but did not affect the gene expression of the immune pathways. In the combined treatment, fungal infection inhibited the activation of detoxification enzymes and prevented the downregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway caused by avermectins. The results of this study suggest that fungal infection modulates physiological responses to avermectins and that fungal infection may increase avermectin toxicosis by blocking detoxification enzymes in the gut

Changes of the Antioxidant Status and System of Generation of Free Radicals in Hemolymph of Galleria mellonella Larvae at Microsporidiosis

Abstract-Changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S transferase (GST) activities as well as of the content of SH containing compounds were revealed in hemolymph of the native and the Vairimorpha ephestiae microsporidian infected greater wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae. The SOD and GST activities in hemolymph of infected insects decreased at the stage of merogony, whereas during massive sporulation the enzymatic antioxidant activity in host tissues was higher than in control. By the ESR spectroscopy method, using the 1 hydroxy 3 carboxy pyrrolidinespin trap, generation of free radicals in hemolymph of infected insects was shown to decrease only at the stage of sporogony. The phenoloxidase activity in lymph was lower at acute microsporidiosis than in native larvae. The hemolymph concentration of thiol containing proteins in infected insects did not differ from that in control. We suggest that decrease of generation of free radicals in hemolymph of the greater wax moth larvae at the stage of sporogony is due to a suppression of the prophenoloxidase system and an elevation of the antioxidant activity

Interaction of polynucleotides with natural and model membranes.

Polynucleotides adsorb on natural and model phospholipid membranes in the presence of Mg2+-cations. Adsorption of nucleic acids on membranes results in a considerable change of their secondary structure. The presence of model phosphatidylcholine membranes greatly stimulates the rate of the synthesis of RNA by E. coli RNA-polymerase on DNA template

Comparative analysis of the immune response of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium robertsii

Entomopathogenic fungi form different strategies of interaction with their insect hosts. The influence of funga

REGENERATING OF SILVER OUT OF FIXING AND BLEACHING-FIXING SOLUTIONS

The article is dedicated to study of the process of silver extraction out of fixing liquors by means of metal-exchange. There is shown that silver concentration in liquor is descended depending on the confusion time and mass of concentrator

CARBONATE-SILICATE SORBENT FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Samples of granulated carbonate-silicate sorbent were obtained from industrial waste, the sorption capacity for Cu2+ ions was evaluated on model water solutions of copper sulfate. The maximum value of the static sorption capacity was determined to be 12.5 mg/g

Obtaining of the Calcium Silicate-Based Adsorbent with Use of Tecnogenic Waste

Выполнен синтез гранулированного сорбента на основе силиката кальция из отхода техногенного происхождения, такого как карбонатный шлам водоподготовки и мелкодисперсного (менее 20 мкм) гранитного отсева. Проведена оценка его сорбционной способности по отношению к ионам Cu2+ из модельных водных растворов сульфата меди. В результате найдено, что частицы сорбента дисперсностью менее 1 мм имеют статическую сорбционную емкость равную 9,6 мг/г, а размером 1-5 мм - емкость 4,0 мг/г.The synthesis of granular sorbent based on the calcium silicate was carried out from the technogenic/industrial waste, such as carbonate sludge of water treatment plants and fine (lower than 20 mm) granite sifting residues. Its adsorption capability for the Cu2+ ions from the model aqueous solutions of copper sulfate was measured. As a result it was found that sorbent particles of the fraction lower than 1 mm have such static sorption capability as 9.6 mg/g, and the fraction of 1-5 mm - the capability of 4.0 mg/g