Albanese and Picard 1-motives

We define, in a purely algebraic way, 1-motives $Alb^{+}(X)$, $Alb^{-}(X)$, $Pic^{+}(X)$ and $Pic^{-}(X)$ associated with any algebraic scheme $X$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. For $X$ over \C of dimension $n$ the Hodge realizations are, respectively, $H^{2n-1}(X)(n)$, $H_{1}(X)$, $H^{1}(X)(1)$ and $H_{2n-1}(X)(1-n)$.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX, submitted as CR Not

Dengue infection in pregnancy and outcome in a tertiary care centre

Background: Dengue is a mosquito borne viral infection with significant disease burden across the country. With the recent resurgence of the disease, increasing number of people are affected including pregnant women. Risk of exposure is 1% in a given pregnancy in highly endemic areas. The objective is to study the morbidity and mortality profile of dengue in pregnancy on mother and neonate.Methods: It is a time bound retrospective study conducted on 25 pregnant women with positive dengue serology in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology BMCRI Bangalore India between May to October 2016.Results: 25 seropositive dengue infected pregnant women were diagnosed in the period. Multiorgan failure leading to intrauterine fetal and maternal death occurred in one case of dengue shock syndrome at 28 weeks. Perinatal outcomes of the other cases were satisfactory. No cases of perinatal transmission to the neonate occurred.Conclusions: Pregnancies complicated by dengue infection needs close monitoring in a tertiary care for potential fetal and maternal complications. Early detection of the critical phase, with judicious fluid management can decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with dengue infection.

A study of surgical management of distal femoral fractures in adults using locking compression plate

Background: The introduction of locking compression plates with option of locked screws has provided the means to increase the stability of fracture fixation.Methods: In this study, 30 distal femoral fractures were treated using the distal femoral locking compression plate. All fractures were fresh, closed and operated within 12 days. Follow up duration ranged from 6 to 18 months.Results: In this study, 20 patients were males and 10 were females. The 23 of the fractures (76.66%), were caused by road traffic accidents, 3 were due to accidental falls (10%), one was due to assault and 3 were due to fall from height.9 patients had associated injuries.  All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using Locking Compression Plate. 6 to 9 holed plates were used. Out of 30 patients 2 went for delayed union and 3 went for non-union. Average knee flexion was 109o having knee range of motion more than 100 with 50% patients. Average knee extensor lag was 2.4 degrees with only 4 patients with lag more than 5. 2 patients developed 2 cm shortening. 4 patients had less than 5 degrees of malalignment. 2 patients had deep infection. Functional outcome was measured using NEER's scoring system and was done at the end of 5- 7 months (average of 6 months).  Excellent results- 17 (56.66%) good results-8 (26.66%) fair results-2 (6.66%) poor results-3 (10%).Conclusions: LCP condylar plate represents an evolutionary approach to the surgical management and is an important armamentarium in distal femur fracture fixation, especially when fracture is severely comminuted and in situations of osteoporosis.

Hydrothermal synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-CoFe2O4 heteroarchitecture for high visible light photocatalytic activity: Exploration of efficiency, stability and mechanistic pathways

RGO-CoFe2O4 heterostructure nanocomposite was prepared by hydrothermal method and was characterized by various analytical techniques such as Powder X-ray Diffraction method (PXRD), UV-vis absorbance, Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques, BET surface area measurements, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Raman Spectroscopy and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results confirmed the formation of hybrid structure with CoFe2O4 particles embedded in RGO sheets. Photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was probed for the degradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) as the model compound under the visible light illumination. The photocatalytic activity decreases in the following order RGO-CoFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > RGO. Further the activity of RGO-CoFe2O4 composite was explored in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as an oxidant. LUMO of PMS can accommodate photogenerated electrons, thereby suppresses the recombination process. The enhanced activity of RGO-CoFe2O4 hybrid is compared to its individual counterparts and the higher activity is accounted to its unique electronic structure. RGO serves as electron acceptor from CoFe2O4 and electron donor to the oxygen molecule. During the photocatalysis, transformation of the native structure from normal spinel to inverse spinel and vice versa may take place continuously from the process of electron trapping and detrapping by Fe3+ and Co2+ions. The observed continuous absorption for RGO-CoFe2O4 composite in the UV-vis spectra implies active d-d transitions involving transition metals present in the nanocomposite. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Allosteric collaboration between elongation factor G and the ribosomal L1 stalk directs tRNA movements during translation

Determining the mechanism by which transfer RNAs (tRNAs) rapidly and precisely transit through the ribosomal A, P and E sites during translation remains a major goal in the study of protein synthesis. Here, we report the real-time dynamics of the L1 stalk, a structural element of the large ribosomal subunit that is implicated in directing tRNA movements during translation. Within pre-translocation ribosomal complexes, the L1 stalk exists in a dynamic equilibrium between open and closed conformations. Binding of elongation factor G (EF-G) shifts this equilibrium towards the closed conformation through one of at least two distinct kinetic mechanisms, where the identity of the P-site tRNA dictates the kinetic route that is taken. Within post-translocation complexes, L1 stalk dynamics are dependent on the presence and identity of the E-site tRNA. Collectively, our data demonstrate that EF-G and the L1 stalk allosterically collaborate to direct tRNA translocation from the P to the E sites, and suggest a model for the release of E-site tRNA

On generating optimal signal probabilities for random tests: a genetic approach

Genetic Algorithms are robust search and optimization techniques. A Genetic Algorithm based approach for determining the optimal input distributions for generating random test vectors is proposed in the paper. A cost function based on the COP testability measure for determining the efficacy of the input distributions is discussed. A brief overview of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and the specific details of our implementation are described. Experimental results based on ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits are presented. The performance of our GAbased approach is compared with previous results. While the GA generates more efficient input distributions than the previous methods which are based on gradient descent search, the overheads of the GA in computing the input distributions are larger. To account for the relatively quick convergence of the gradient descent methods, we analyze the landscape of the COP-based cost function. We prove that the cost function is unimodal in the search space. This feature makes the cost function amenable to optimization by gradient-descent techniques as compared to random search methods such as Genetic Algorithms

UNSUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION AND CHOICE OF CLASSES: BAYESIAN APPROACH

We have given a solution to the problem of unsupervised classifica,tioll of multidinlensional data. Our approach is based on Bayesian estimation which regards the number of classes, the data partition and the parameter vectors that describe the density of classes as unknowns. We compute their MAP estimates simultaneously by maximizing their joint posterior -probability density given the data. The concept of partition as a variable to be estimated hasn\u27t been considered. This formulation also solves the problem of validating clusters obtained from various methods. Our method can also incorporate any additional information &about a class while assigning its prohability density. It can also ut,ilize any available training samples that arise from different classes. We provide a. descent algorithm that starts with an arbitrary partition of the data, and iteratively computes the MAP estimates. We also focus on robust regression which is a special case of unsupervised classification with two classes; inliers and outliers. The problem of intensity image segmentation is posed as an unsupervised classification problem and solved using the Bayesian formulation a multiscale set up. The proposed method is also applied to data sets that occur in statistical literature and target tracking. The results ohbtained demonstrate the power of Bayesian approach for unsupervised classification

Theory of the Three Dimensional Quantum Hall Effect in Graphite

We predict the existence of a three dimensional quantum Hall effect plateau in a graphite crystal subject to a magnetic field. The plateau has a Hall conductivity quantized at $\frac{4e^2}{\hbar} \frac{1}{c_0}$ with $c_0$ the c-axis lattice constant. We analyze the three-dimensional Hofstadter problem of a realistic tight-binding Hamiltonian for graphite, find the gaps in the spectrum, and estimate the critical value of the magnetic field above which the Hall plateau appears. When the Fermi level is in the bulk Landau gap, Hall transport occurs through the appearance of chiral surface states. We estimate the magnetic field necessary for the appearance of the three dimensional quantum Hall Effect to be $15.4$T for electron carriers and $7.0$T for hole carriers.Comment: Several new references adde