Aqueous Alteration in the Kuiper Belt: Evidence from Hydrated Interplanetary Dust Particles

Edgeworth-Kuiper belt objects (EKBOs) formed in the outer reaches of the protoplanetary disk and thus avoided much of the high tempera-ture processing experienced by bodies in the inner solar system. For this reason, they contain a wealth of information on the nature of nebular solids and the chemical conditions in the earliest solar system. Astronomical observations of EKBOs have been limited largely to the surface chemistry of the ices covering these small and difficult to observe bodies. The mineralogy of EKBO objects are poorly known, but clues regarding their mineralogical makeup come from studies of samples from short period comets (e.g. Wild2), and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) produced by collisions in the Kuiper belt. Interplanetary dust particles from objects in the solar system (mainly comets and asteroids) spiral in to-wards the Sun under the influence of Poynting-Robertson (PR) drag forces and accumulate solar flare energetic particle tracks. Recent work has shown that the observed solar flare track densities (~1010-1011/sq.cm) in these IDPs are ~two orders of magnitude higher than expected if they were derived from main belt asteroids or Jupiter family comets and thus require an origin from outer solar system source bodies such as EKBOs. The track-rich IDPs include representatives from the two major groups of IDPs: the chondritic-porous, anhydrous IDPs and the chondritic-smooth, hydrated IDPs, although rare IDPs with mineralogies intermediate between these two groups are known. Here, we report on the mineralogy, composition, organic matter content, and isotopic characteristics of track-rich hydrated IDPs, and implications for aqueous alteration in outer solar system bodies

The role of interstitial binding in radiation induced segregation in W-Re alloys

Due to their high strength and advantageous high-temperature properties, tungsten-based alloys are being considered as plasma-facing candidate materials in fusion devices. Under neutron irradiation, rhenium, which is produced by nuclear transmutation, has been found to precipitate in elongated precipitates forming thermodynamic intermetallic phases at concentrations well below the solubility limit. Recent measurements have shown that Re precipitation can lead to substantial hardening, which may have a detrimental effect on the fracture toughness of W alloys. This puzzle of sub-solubility precipitation points to the role played by irradiation induced defects, specifically mixed solute-W interstitials. Here, using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the energetics of mixed interstitial defects in W-Re, W-V, and W-Ti alloys, as well as the heat of mixing for each substitutional solute. We find that mixed interstitials in all systems are strongly attracted to each other with binding energies of -2.4 to -3.2 eV and form interstitial pairs that are aligned along parallel first-neighbor strings. Low barriers for defect translation and rotation enable defect agglomeration and alignment even at moderate temperatures. We propose that these elongated agglomerates of mixed-interstitials may act as precursors for the formation of needle-shaped intermetallic precipitates. This interstitial-based mechanism is not limited to radiation induced segregation and precipitation in W-Re alloys but is also applicable to other body-centered cubic alloys.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Does Virginia Have a Title-Quieting Statute Applicable to Deeds of Trust?

A title examiner finds a recorded deed of trust which has not been released on the margin. He does not find a recorded release deed. A perusal of the records, however, reveals that twenty-one years have elapsed from the maturity date of the note secured by the deed of trust. The title examiner adverses the trustee (or, as a short-cut, the grantor of the deed of trust), but does not find a record conveyance from the trustee. May the title examiner safely ignore the deed of trust

Alimony, Property Division, and the Modem-Day Wife

Two Virginia cases prompt this note: In one the court was concerned with alimony and a working wife (Baytop v. Baytop) the other involved a property settlement between. a husband and a working wife who had used her inheritance to purchase real estate. (Smith v. Smith)

A Child\u27s First Book of Sellers\u27 and Buyers\u27 Remedies- Then and Now

If you are one of those uncomfortable lawyers who as yet has not made his first penetration into Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code perhaps this brief comparative note can start you on the road to learning the sellers\u27 and buyers\u27 remedies under the Code. The emphasis will be on fundamental differences in approach between the Code and prior law; detailed treatment may be found in texts, treatises, and numerous law review articles

New Tricks For Old Dogs

On the first day of January, 1966, Virginia practitioners will receive a bagful of .new tricks. The UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE becomes effective in Virginia on that day. In adopting the Code during its 1964 legislative session Virginia became the twenty-ninth state to adopt the Code; the Virginia version of the Code follows, with but few exceptions, the official version sponsored by the Commissioners on Uniform State Laws

The Doweress Is Wearing a New Look

It is settled law in this state that a widow whose dower has not been assigned is not a competent party plaintiff in a partition suit. She has no estate in the land until her dower is assigned and therefore is not a joint tenant, a tenant in common, or a coparcener with her husband\u27s heirs

Notable Legislation of 1962

Unless otherwise indicated, the statutes and amendments noted below will be effective on June 29, 1962. All code refer- ences are to the 1950 Code of Virginia

State Taxation of the Net Income from Interstate Business

On February 24, 1959, the Supreme Court of the United States, in companion cases, held, by a 6-3 vote, that a state could levy a properly apportioned tax on the net income of a corporation doing a purely interstate business, provided there were sufficient activities within the state to justify a tax. NorthwesternStates PortlandCement Co. v. Minnesota, and Commissioner v. Stockham Valves and Fittings, Inc. Were this article a movie script, I would begin by portraying the separate meetings of two groups: the hastily summoned executive committee of the National Association of Manufacturers gravely, but vigorously, exploring means of avoiding the new menace; jubilant state tax collectors eagerly planning (between sips from long-stemmed glasses) how best to construct this new pipeline into state coffers.The passage of time may reveal that some interstate manufacturers and sellers will find their net profits increased because of this decision and that not all states will find their net tax yield increased