29 research outputs found
Small sets of complementary observables
Two observables are called complementary if preparing a physical object in an
eigenstate of one of them yields a completely random result in a measurement of
the other. We investigate small sets of complementary observables that cannot
be extended by yet another complementary observable. We construct explicit
examples of the unextendible sets up to dimension and conjecture certain
small sets to be unextendible in higher dimensions. Our constructions provide
three complementary measurements, only one observable away from the ultimate
minimum of two observables in the set. Almost all of our examples in finite
dimension allow to discriminate pure states from some mixed states, and shed
light on the complex topology of the Bloch space of higher-dimensional quantum
systems
Quantum nature of Gaussian discord : experimental evidence and role of system-environment correlations
L.M. acknowledges Project No. P205/12/0694 of Czech Science Foundation (GACR). N.K. is grateful for the support provided by the A. von Humboldt Foundation. N.Q. and N.K. acknowledge the support from the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The project was supported within the framework of the BMBF grant “QuORep” and in the framework of the International Max Planck Partnership (IMPP) with Scottish Universities.We provide experimental evidence of quantum features in bipartite states classified as entirely classical according to a conventional criterion based on the Glauber P function but possessing nonzero Gaussian quantum discord. Their quantum nature is experimentally revealed by acting locally on one part of the discordant state. We experimentally verify and investigate the effect of discord increase under the action of local loss and link it to the entanglement with the environment. Adding an environmental system purifying the state, we unveil the flow of quantum correlations within a global pure system using the Koashi-Winter inequality. For a discordant state generated by splitting a state in which the initial squeezing is destroyed by random displacements, we demonstrate the recovery of entanglement highlighting the role of system-environment correlations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Improving teleportation of continuous variables by local operations
We study a continuous-variable (CV) teleportation protocol based on a shared
entangled state produced by the quantum-nondemolition (QND) interaction of two
vacuum states. The scheme utilizes the QND interaction or an unbalanced beam
splitter in the Bell measurement. It is shown that in the non-unity gain regime
the signal transfer coefficient can be enhanced while the conditional variance
product remains preserved by applying appropriate local squeezing operation on
sender's part of the shared entangled state. In the unity gain regime it is
demonstrated that the fidelity of teleportation can be increased with the help
of the local squeezing operations on parts of the shared entangled state that
convert effectively our scheme to the standard CV teleportation scheme.
Further, it is proved analytically that such a choice of the local symplectic
operations minimizes the noise by which the mean number of photons in the input
state is increased during the teleportation. Finally, our analysis reveals that
the local symplectic operation on sender's side can be integrated into the Bell
measurement if the interaction constant of the interaction in the Bell
measurement can be adjusted properly.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, discussion of the non-unity gain teleportation is
adde
Information-Disturbance Tradeoff in Quantum State Discrimination
When discriminating between two pure quantum states, there exists a
quantitative tradeoff between the information retrieved by the measurement and
the disturbance caused on the unknown state. We derive the optimal tradeoff and
provide the corresponding quantum measurement. Such an optimal measurement
smoothly interpolates between the two limiting cases of maximal information
extraction and no measurement at all.Comment: 5 pages, 2 (low-quality) figures. Eq. (20) corrected. Final published
versio
Nonunity gain minimal-disturbance measurement
We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optimal non-unity gain Gaussian
scheme for partial measurement of an unknown coherent state that causes minimal
disturbance of the state. The information gain and the state disturbance are
quantified by the noise added to the measurement outcomes and to the output
state, respectively. We derive the optimal trade-off relation between the two
noises and we show that the trade-off is saturated by non-unity gain
teleportation. Optimal partial measurement is demonstrated experimentally using
a linear optics scheme with feed-forward.Comment: 12 page
Nonlocality of Two-Mode Squeezing with Internal Noise
We examine the quantum states produced through parametric amplification with
internal quantum noise. The internal diffusion arises by coupling both modes of
light to a reservoir for the duration of the interaction time. The Wigner
function for the diffused two-mode squeezed state is calculated. The
nonlocality, separability, and purity of these quantum states of light are
discussed. In addition, we conclude by studying the nonlocality of two other
continuous variable states: the Werner state and the phase-diffused state for
two light modes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Measurement-induced disturbances and nonclassical correlations of Gaussian states
We study quantum correlations beyond entanglement in two-mode Gaussian states
of continuous variable systems, by means of the measurement-induced disturbance
(MID) and its ameliorated version (AMID). In analogy with the recent studies of
the Gaussian quantum discord, we define a Gaussian AMID by constraining the
optimization to all bi-local Gaussian positive operator valued measurements. We
solve the optimization explicitly for relevant families of states, including
squeezed thermal states. Remarkably, we find that there is a finite subset of
two-mode Gaussian states, comprising pure states, where non-Gaussian
measurements such as photon counting are globally optimal for the AMID and
realize a strictly smaller state disturbance compared to the best Gaussian
measurements. However, for the majority of two--mode Gaussian states the
unoptimized MID provides a loose overestimation of the actual content of
quantum correlations, as evidenced by its comparison with Gaussian discord.
This feature displays strong similarity with the case of two qubits. Upper and
lower bounds for the Gaussian AMID at fixed Gaussian discord are identified. We
further present a comparison between Gaussian AMID and Gaussian entanglement of
formation, and classify families of two-mode states in terms of their Gaussian
AMID, Gaussian discord, and Gaussian entanglement of formation. Our findings
provide a further confirmation of the genuinely quantum nature of general
Gaussian states, yet they reveal that non-Gaussian measurements can play a
crucial role for the optimized extraction and potential exploitation of
classical and nonclassical correlations in Gaussian states.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures; new results added; to appear in Phys. Rev.
Quantum Zeno effect in a probed downconversion process
The distorsion of a spontaneous downconvertion process caused by an auxiliary
mode coupled to the idler wave is analyzed. In general, a strong coupling with
the auxiliary mode tends to hinder the downconversion in the nonlinear medium.
On the other hand, provided that the evolution is disturbed by the presence of
a phase mismatch, the coupling may increase the speed of downconversion. These
effects are interpreted as being manifestations of quantum Zeno or anti-Zeno
effects, respectively, and they are understood by using the dressed modes
picture of the device. The possibility of using the coupling as a nontrivial
phase--matching technique is pointed out.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Continuous-variable Werner state: separability, nonlocality, squeezing and teleportation
We investigate the separability, nonlocality and squeezing of
continuous-variable analogue of the Werner state: a mixture of pure two-mode
squeezed vacuum state with local thermal radiations. Utilizing this Werner
state, coherent-state teleportation in Braunstein-Kimble setup is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Bell-inequality violation with "thermal" radiation
The model of a quantum-optical device for a conditional preparation of
entangled states from input mixed states is presented. It is demonstrated that
even thermal or pseudo-thermal radiation can be entangled in such a way, that
Bell-inequalities are violated