2,085 research outputs found
The Stripe 82 1-2 GHz Very Large Array Snapshot Survey: Multiwavelength Counterparts
We have combined spectrosopic and photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS) with GHz radio observations, conducted as part of the
Stripe 82 GHz Snapshot Survey using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
(VLA), which covers sq degrees, to a flux limit of 88 Jy rms.
Cross-matching the radio source components with optical data via
visual inspection results in a final sample of cross-matched objects,
of which have spectroscopic redshifts and objects have
photometric redshifts. Three previously undiscovered Giant Radio Galaxies
(GRGs) were found during the cross-matching process, which would have been
missed using automated techniques. For the objects with spectroscopy we
separate radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies
(SFGs) using three diagnostics and then further divide our radio-loud AGN into
the HERG and LERG populations. A control matched sample of HERGs and LERGs,
matched on stellar mass, redshift and radio luminosity, reveals that the host
galaxies of LERGs are redder and more concentrated than HERGs. By combining
with near-infrared data, we demonstrate that LERGs also follow a tight
relationship. These results imply the LERG population are hosted by population
of massive, passively evolving early-type galaxies. We go on to show that
HERGs, LERGs, QSOs and star-forming galaxies in our sample all reside in
different regions of a WISE colour-colour diagram. This cross-matched sample
bridges the gap between previous `wide but shallow' and `deep but narrow'
samples and will be useful for a number of future investigations.Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures. Resubmitted to MNRAS after the initial comment
Further Observations of the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Candidate ESO 243-49 HLX-1
The brightest Ultra-Luminous X-ray source HLX-1 in the galaxy ESO 243-49
currently provides strong evidence for the existence of intermediate mass black
holes. Here we present the latest multi-wavelength results on this intriguing
source in X-ray, UV and radio bands. We have refined the X-ray position to
sub-arcsecond accuracy. We also report the detection of UV emission that could
indicate ongoing star formation in the region around HLX-1. The lack of
detectable radio emission at the X-ray position strengthens the argument
against a background AGN.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted 11th of Feb 2010. Contributed talk to
appear in Proceedings of "X-ray Astronomy 2009: Present Status,
Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives", Bologna, Italy, September
7-11, 2009, AIP, eds. A. Comastri, M. Cappi, and L. Angelin
Vortices and the entrainment transition in the 2D Kuramoto model
We study synchronization in the two-dimensional lattice of coupled phase
oscillators with random intrinsic frequencies. When the coupling is larger
than a threshold , there is a macroscopic cluster of
frequency-synchronized oscillators. We explain why the macroscopic cluster
disappears at . We view the system in terms of vortices, since cluster
boundaries are delineated by the motion of these topological defects. In the
entrained phase (), vortices move in fixed paths around clusters, while
in the unentrained phase (), vortices sometimes wander off. These
deviant vortices are responsible for the disappearance of the macroscopic
cluster. The regularity of vortex motion is determined by whether clusters
behave as single effective oscillators. The unentrained phase is also
characterized by time-dependent cluster structure and the presence of chaos.
Thus, the entrainment transition is actually an order-chaos transition. We
present an analytical argument for the scaling for small
lattices, where is the threshold for phase-locking. By also deriving the
scaling , we thus show that for small , in
agreement with numerics. In addition, we show how to use the linearized model
to predict where vortices are generated.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
FRB 20121102A: images of the bursts and the varying radio counterpart
As more Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are being localised, we are learning that
some fraction have persistent radio sources (PRSs). Such a discovery motivates
an improvement in our understanding of the nature of those counterparts, the
relation to the bursts themselves and why only some FRBs have PRSs. We report
on observations made of FRB 20121102A with the MeerKAT radio telescope. Across
five epochs, we detect the PRS associated with FRB 20121102A. Our observations
are split into a cluster of four epochs (MJD 58732 - 58764) and a separate
single epoch about 1000days later. The measured flux density is constant across
the first four observations but then decays by more than one-third in the final
observation. Our observations on MJD 58736 coincided with the detections of 11
bursts from FRB 20121102A by the MeerTRAP backend, seven of which we detected
in the image plane. We discuss the importance of image plane detections when
considering the commensal transient searches being performed with MeerKAT and
other radio facilities. We find that MeerKAT is so sensitive that within a
two-second image, we can detect any FRB with a flux density above 2.4mJy at
1.3GHz and so could localise every FRB that has been detected by CHIME to date.Comment: Accepted in MNRA
Transdisciplinary working to shape systematic reviews and interpret the findings: Commentary
This is the final version. Available from BMC via the DOI in this record.âŻImportant policy questions tend to span a range of academic disciplines, and the relevant research is often carried out in a variety of social, economic and geographic contexts. In efforts to synthesise research to help inform decisions arising from the policy questions, systematic reviews need conceptual frameworks and ways of thinking that combine knowledge drawn from different academic traditions and contexts; in other words, transdisciplinary research. This paper considers how transdisciplinary working can be achieved with: conceptual frameworks that span traditional academic boundaries; methods for shaping review questions and conceptual frameworks; and methods for interpreting the relevance of findings to different contexts. It also discusses the practical challenges and ultimate benefits of transdisciplinary working for systematic reviews.World Health OrganizationUK Department for International DevelopmentUK aidNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR
High-velocity OH megamasers in IRAS 20100-4156: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole
We report the discovery of new, high-velocity narrow-line components of the
OH megamaser in IRAS 20100-4156. Results from the Australian Square Kilometre
Array Pathfinder (ASKAP)'s Boolardy Engineering Test Array (BETA) and the
Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) provide two independent measurements
of the OH megamaser spectrum. We found evidence for OH megamaser clumps at
409 and 562 km/s (blue-shifted) from the systemic velocity of the galaxy,
in addition to the lines previously known. The presence of such high velocities
in the molecular emission from IRAS 201004156 could be explained by a ~50 pc
molecular ring enclosing an approximately 3.8 billion solar mass black hole. We
also discuss two alternatives, i.e. that the narrow-line masers are dynamically
coupled to the wind driven by the active galactic nucleus or they are
associated with two separate galactic nuclei. The comparison between the BETA
and ATCA spectra provides another scientific verification of ASKAP's BETA. Our
data, combined with previous measurements of the source enabled us to study the
variability of the source over a twenty-six year period. The flux density of
the brightest OH maser components has reduced by more than a factor of two
between 1988 and 2015, whereas a secondary narrow-line component has more than
doubled in the same time. Plans for high-resolution VLBI follow-up of this
source are discussed, as are prospects for discovering new OH megamasers during
the ASKAP early science program.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. Seven pages, three figure
Telomerase Inhibition by Everolimus Suppresses Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Neointima Formation Through Epigenetic Gene Silencing
Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during neointima formation is prevented by drug-eluting stents. The replicative capacity of mammalian cells is enhanced by telomerase expression; however, the contribution of telomerase to the proliferative response underlying neointima formation and its potential role as a pharmacological target are unknown. The present study investigated the mechanisms underlying the mitogenic function of telomerase, and tested the hypothesis that everolimus, which is commonly used on drug-eluting stents, suppresses SMC proliferation by targeting telomerase. Inhibition of neointima formation by everolimus was lost in mice overexpressing telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), indicating that repression of telomerase confers the anti-proliferative efficacy of everolimus. Everolimus reduced TERT expression in SMC through an Ets-1-dependent inhibition of promoter activation. The inhibition of TERT-dependent SMC proliferation by everolimus occurred in the absence of telomere shortening but rather as a result of a G1âS-phase arrest. Although everolimus failed to inhibit phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein as the gatekeeper of S-phase entry, it potently repressed downstream target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that TERT induced E2F binding to S-phase gene promoters and supported histone acetylation. These effects were sensitive to inhibition by everolimus. These results characterize telomerase as a previously unrecognized target for the antiproliferative activity of everolimus, and further identify a novel mitogenic pathway in SMC that depends on the epigenetic activation of S-phase gene promoters by TERT
Creatine supplementation in the elderly: is resistance training really needed?
Introduction: Decreases in muscle mass, strength and power are associated with ageing, all of which increase the risk of falls, and
cause a loss of independence. Creatine supplementation is often used in younger athletes to improve anaerobic performance, power
and strength, however the potential benefits of creatine supplementation in older individuals are less clear.
With an ageing population comes age-related losses in skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia and associated risks of falls, morbidity
and mortality. Importantly many older individuals still regularly perform aerobic and resistance training which serves to maintain
this muscle mass and reduce these risks however a large proportion do not partake in regular exrecise [1]. There is evidence that
creatine supplementation may maintain muscle mass and function in older adults [2], but an important question is whether
resistance training and creatine supplementation have an additive effect on muscle structure and function or can older adults
receive the same degree of benefit by just partaking in one of these protocols?
Creatine
Creatine is important for energy metabolism, and is thought to be an effective ergogenic aid in physical performance [3]. Creatine
is synthesised within the body and ingested naturally from meat [3] or artificially through supplements. 94% of total body creatine
is located in skeletal muscles and is stored as either free (40%) or phosphorylated creatine (PCr; 60%) [4].
Within skeletal muscles, creatine is hypothesised to shuttle high energy phosphogens between the mitochondria and cytosol
[5], increasing the efficiency of cross-bridge cycling and thereby enhancing skeletal muscle contraction (Figure 1). Firstly, ATP
synthesised in the mitochondrial matrix is transported via creatine kinase (CK) to the mitochondrial intermembrane space where
CK catalyses the formation of ADP and PCr; Figure 2 reveals the equation from which ATP is then generated from stores of
PCr via creatine kinase during periods of intense exercise. The ADP produced is transported back to the matrix where it is
rephosphorylated when required. Liberated PCr migrates to the cytosol to sites of ATP consumption, where local CK enzymes
regenerate ATP to allow for increased contraction. The liberated creatine then diffuses back to the mitochondria to allow for
subsequent phosphorylation if required. This âtransportâ process is thought to occur in endurance-type activities [6-8]. Creatine
supplementation has been shown to increase PCr regeneration [9], increasing ATP availability, thus facilitating prolonged physical
activity [4].
Aim: This review assesses the current literature on whether creatine supplementation in the presence of resistance training enhances
physical performance in older adults above and beyond those undertaking resistance training alone or only taking creatine supplements.
Results: Whilst reports are conflicting, there is good evidence to suggest that creatine supplementation with resistance training
increases muscular endurance, lower body strength and lean body mass; this is above results obtained with creatine supplementation
or resistance training alone. The increased muscle mass observed with training has previously been shown to lead to increased bone
mineral content and an associated reduced fracture risk; however, the additional benefits of creatine supplementation on this are less
clear, and more work is needed to confirm whether exogenously taken creatine will benefit bone mineral density.
Conclusion: Creatine supplementation in the elderly may lead to increased muscle mass, endurance and performance, and those who
undertake resistance training may show further improvements with creatine supplementation. However, for elderly subjects who do
not partake in resistance training, creatine supplementation offers significant improvements in increasing muscular mass and strength,
and increasing their quality of life, whilst these benefits are lower on the whole than those who undertake regular resistance training
Hyperentangled States
We investigate a new class of entangled states, which we call
'hyperentangled',that have EPR correlations identical to those in the vacuum
state of a relativistic quantum field. We show that whenever hyperentangled
states exist in any quantum theory, they are dense in its state space. We also
give prescriptions for constructing hyperentangled states that involve an
arbitrarily large collection of systems.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, Submitted to Physical Review
Partial Regularity of solutions to the Four-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations at the first blow-up time
The solutions of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in four spatial
dimensions are considered. We prove that the two-dimensional Hausdorff measure
of the set of singular points at the first blow-up time is equal to zero.Comment: 19 pages, a comment regarding five or higher dimensional case is
added in Remark 1.3. accepted by Comm. Math. Phy
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