1,019 research outputs found
Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Tinospora cardifolia in alloxan induced diabetes in albino wistar rats
Background: The objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Tinospora cardifolia in alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats in comparison with a currently used oral hypoglycaemic glibenclamide.Methods: there were 24 rats with FBS in the range 80-115 mg/dl were selected for the study. Four groups each containing six rats, were induced diabetes with alloxan (150mg/kg). The diabetic control group (0.5ml normal saline), Standard control group (5mg/kg glibenclimide), Test group I (200mg/kg T. cardifolia) and test II group 400mg/kg T. cardifolia). FBS was recorded on 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28th day using glucometer. Data was analysed by using one way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s test SPSS 21Version.Results: Extract of Tinospora cardifolia showed dependent hypoglycaemic action in both low dose (200mg/kg) and high dose group (400mg/kg). Hypoglycaemic action with high dose of Tinospora cardifolia is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the hypoglycaemic action of T. cardifolia in diabetic rats. T. cardifolia can be a therapeutic potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus
Comparison of safety pattern of drugs used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a tertiary care hospital
Background: As per GOLD (Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease) guidelines bronchodilators are required for symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Currently there is no evidence to say about the safety of fixed dose combinations used in COPD patients. Since the drugs are to be taken for longer period, it is essential to know the safety aspects of these drugs. Moreover we don’t have adequate studies and documentation to say that a particular drug combination is better and safer for COPD patients.Methods: Prospective, open labelled, randomized, comparative, interventional clinical study conducted by the Departments of Pharmacology and Pulmonary Medicine of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga in 40 COPD patients.Results: The fixed dose combinations of drugs used in both the treatment groups i.e. salmeterol/fluticasone and tiotropium/formoterol were equally safer and well tolerated. Some side effects noticed during the course of treatment were statistically significant when compared between the 2 groups, however they were milder and predictable adverse drug reactions.Conclusions: Systemic and severe adverse drug reactions were not observed during 8 week treatment period and the local side effects observed were mild in both the treatment groups. Hence the fixed dose combinations of salmeterol or fluticasone and tiotropium or formoterol are found to be safer for maintenance therapy in COPD patients
Evaluation of the effect of soy protein isolate based milk replacer feeding on digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters in cross bred calves
A study was conducted in crossbred calves for a period of 90 days to evaluate the effect of soy protein isolate based milk replacer feeding on digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters.Twelve,four-day-old crossbred calveswere selected from University Livestock Farm and Fodder Research and Development Scheme (ULF & FRDS), Mannuthy and were allotted to one of the two dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were T1 (Control) fed with whole milk and T2- fed with soy protein isolate based milk replacer (CP-22 per cent) and milk in the ratio 3:1.To all the experimental animals, calf starter (CP-23 per cent) and adlibitum green grass were offered and were fed according to ICAR (2013). Daily record of quantity of feed (calf starter and milk replacer) andgrass given and balance if any were recorded throughout the experimental period. A digestibility trial for five days duration was carried out towards the end of feeding trial by total collection method. The results revealed similar apparent digestibility of nutrients and haematobiochemical parameters for whole milk and milk replacer fed group
Gemini Planet Imager Observational Calibrations VI: Photometric and Spectroscopic Calibration for the Integral Field Spectrograph
The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility instrument for the Gemini
Observatory designed to provide direct detection and characterization of
planets and debris disks around stars in the solar neighborhood. In addition to
its extreme adaptive optics and corona graphic systems which give access to
high angular resolution and high-contrast imaging capabilities, GPI contains an
integral field spectrograph providing low resolution spectroscopy across five
bands between 0.95 and 2.5 m. This paper describes the sequence of
processing steps required for the spectro-photometric calibration of GPI
science data, and the necessary calibration files. Based on calibration
observations of the white dwarf HD 8049B we estimate that the systematic error
in spectra extracted from GPI observations is less than 5%. The flux ratio of
the occulted star and fiducial satellite spots within coronagraphic GPI
observations, required to estimate the magnitude difference between a target
and any resolved companions, was measured in the -band to be in laboratory measurements and using
on-sky observations. Laboratory measurements for the , , and
filters are also presented. The total throughput of GPI, Gemini South and the
atmosphere of the Earth was also measured in each photometric passband, with a
typical throughput in -band of 18% in the non-coronagraphic mode, with some
variation observed over the six-month period for which observations were
available. We also report ongoing development and improvement of the data cube
extraction algorithm.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. Proceedings of the SPIE, 9147-30
Constraints on the architecture of the HD 95086 planetary system with the Gemini Planet Imager
We present astrometric monitoring of the young exoplanet HD 95086 b obtained
with the Gemini Planet Imager between 2013 and 2016. A small but significant
position angle change is detected at constant separation; the orbital motion is
confirmed with literature measurements. Efficient Monte Carlo techniques place
preliminary constraints on the orbital parameters of HD 95086 b. With 68%
confidence, a semimajor axis of 61.7^{+20.7}_{-8.4} au and an inclination of
153.0^{+9.7}_{-13.5} deg are favored, with eccentricity less than 0.21. Under
the assumption of a co-planar planet-disk system, the periastron of HD 95086 b
is beyond 51 au with 68% confidence. Therefore HD 95086 b cannot carve the
entire gap inferred from the measured infrared excess in the SED of HD 95086.
We use our sensitivity to additional planets to discuss specific scenarios
presented in the literature to explain the geometry of the debris belts. We
suggest that either two planets on moderately eccentric orbits or three to four
planets with inhomogeneous masses and orbital properties are possible. The
sensitivity to additional planetary companions within the observations
presented in this study can be used to help further constrain future dynamical
simulations of the planet-disk system.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Improving and Assessing Planet Sensitivity of the GPI Exoplanet Survey with a Forward Model Matched Filter
We present a new matched filter algorithm for direct detection of point
sources in the immediate vicinity of bright stars. The stellar Point Spread
Function (PSF) is first subtracted using a Karhunen-Lo\'eve Image Processing
(KLIP) algorithm with Angular and Spectral Differential Imaging (ADI and SDI).
The KLIP-induced distortion of the astrophysical signal is included in the
matched filter template by computing a forward model of the PSF at every
position in the image. To optimize the performance of the algorithm, we conduct
extensive planet injection and recovery tests and tune the exoplanet spectra
template and KLIP reduction aggressiveness to maximize the Signal-to-Noise
Ratio (SNR) of the recovered planets. We show that only two spectral templates
are necessary to recover any young Jovian exoplanets with minimal SNR loss. We
also developed a complete pipeline for the automated detection of point source
candidates, the calculation of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), false
positives based contrast curves, and completeness contours. We process in a
uniform manner more than 330 datasets from the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet
Survey (GPIES) and assess GPI typical sensitivity as a function of the star and
the hypothetical companion spectral type. This work allows for the first time a
comparison of different detection algorithms at a survey scale accounting for
both planet completeness and false positive rate. We show that the new forward
model matched filter allows the detection of fainter objects than a
conventional cross-correlation technique with a Gaussian PSF template for the
same false positive rate.Comment: ApJ accepte
Performance of the Gemini Planet Imager Non-Redundant Mask and spectroscopy of two close-separation binaries HR 2690 and HD 142527
The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) contains a 10-hole non-redundant mask (NRM),
enabling interferometric resolution in complement to its coronagraphic
capabilities. The NRM operates both in spectroscopic (integral field
spectrograph, henceforth IFS) and polarimetric configurations. NRM observations
were taken between 2013 and 2016 to characterize its performance. Most
observations were taken in spectroscopic mode with the goal of obtaining
precise astrometry and spectroscopy of faint companions to bright stars. We
find a clear correlation between residual wavefront error measured by the AO
system and the contrast sensitivity by comparing phase errors in observations
of the same source, taken on different dates. We find a typical 5-
contrast sensitivity of at . We explore the
accuracy of spectral extraction of secondary components of binary systems by
recovering the signal from a simulated source injected into several datasets.
We outline data reduction procedures unique to GPI's IFS and describe a newly
public data pipeline used for the presented analyses. We demonstrate recovery
of astrometry and spectroscopy of two known companions to HR 2690 and HD
142527. NRM+polarimetry observations achieve differential visibility precision
of in the best case. We discuss its limitations on
Gemini-S/GPI for resolving inner regions of protoplanetary disks and prospects
for future upgrades. We summarize lessons learned in observing with NRM in
spectroscopic and polarimetric modes.Comment: Accepted to AJ, 22 pages, 14 figure
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