Neuromuscular evaluation in young patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the electromyographic and electrognatographic exams of 55 patients before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 55 children (28 females and 27 males; age ranging between 6 and10 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite, and subjected to an electromyographic and electrognatographic examination before and after a rapid palatal expansion. RESULTS: By analyzing the results, it is possible to observe an increased electrical activity of the masticatory muscles (right and left masseters and anterior temporalis) both in rest position and during activities after rapid palatal expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid palatal expansion produces important changes in the muscular tone and it increases the muscular activity of the masticatory muscles

Orthodontic-surgical treatment: electromyographic and kinesiographic evaluation in follow up period : Experimental study

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate muscular function and mandibular kinesiology of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment by electromyography and kinesiography. Electromyographic evaluation is essential to estimate masticatory forces in patients undergoing combined surgical-orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. 60 patients referred for orthodontic surgical treatment were included in the study, 43 patients presented a class III while 17 presented a class II. The patients underwent electromyographic and kinesiographic examinations during all the therapeutic orthodontic-surgical phases. Results. The relationship between fundamental electromyographic values and age, weight, asymmetry and activation was weak. A strong and positive relationship was observed between the relaxation percentage after TENS (transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation), the steepness of the post-surgery rehabilitation curve, the initial POC (percentage overlapping coefficient), and for the values in microvolts of the right and left temporal and masseters at the beginning of treatment. Conclusions. Patients with dentofacial deformities corrected by surgical treatment, have a significant positive treatment outcome in respect of masticatory activity and performance electromyographic evaluation on, before, during and follow up period of the analized patients permit to underline that this examination can predict long term stability

Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania

Aims: Cross-cultural studies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on ICD-11 diagnostic criteria are scarce, especially in adolescence. The study aimed to evaluate the trauma exposure, prevalence and factors associated with PTSD and CPTSD in general populations of adolescents in Lithuania and Japan. Methods: The study sample comprised 1746 adolescents from Lithuania (n = 832) and Japan (n = 914), 49.8% female. The mean age of study participants was 15.52 (S.D. = 1.64), ranging from 12 to 18 years. ICD-11 posttraumatic disorders were assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent version (ITQ-CA). Results: More than half of the adolescents in a total sample (61.5%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, 80.0% in Lithuania and 44.6% in Japan, with a higher prevalence of interpersonal trauma in Lithuania and more natural disaster exposure in Japan. The prevalence of PTSD was 5.2% (95% CI 3.8–6.9%) and 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.5%), CPTSD 12.3% (95% CI 10.1–14.7%) and 4.1% (95% CI 2.9–5.5%) in Lithuanian and Japanese samples, respectively. Cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, loneliness and financial difficulties in family predicted both PTSD and CPTSD in the total sample. Loneliness discriminated CPTSD v. PTSD in both Lithuanian and Japanese samples. Conclusions: This cross-cultural study is among the first which reported different patterns of trauma exposure in Asian Japanese and Lithuanian adolescents in Europe. Despite differences in trauma exposure and PTSD/CPTSD prevalence, we found similar predictors in both studies, particularly the importance of cumulative trauma exposure for PTSD/CPTSD, and social interpersonal factors for the risk of CPTSD. The study supports the universality of traumatic stress reactions to adverse life experiences in adolescence across cultures and regions and highlights different levels of traumatisation of adolescents in various countries

How various surgical protocols of the unilateral cleft lip and palate influence the facial growth and possible orthodontic problems? Which is the best timing of lip, palate and alveolus repair? literature review

OBJECTIVES. Cleft lip palate is congenital growth disease with unknown etiology, probably linked to both genetically and external causes. The aim of this work consists in presenting the effects of these diseases on cranio facial growth and the surgical protocols described in literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The literature review articles conducted by Medline ranged from 1998 to 2011 have been selected. The key words of the research were "cleft lip palate", "cleft lip palate facial growth", "cleft lip palate surgery". The inclusion criteria were articles that analyzed surgical protocols and the growth of unilateral lip and palate clefts, the timing repair of lip, palate and alveolus. We excluded case reports, studies without control group in the sample and the other types of publication as thesis or conference presentation. 60 articles had the selection criteria of the research. RESULTS. The cleft lip and palate is one of the most common birth defects that needs long rehabilitation between birth and adulthood. Several authors have presented surgical protocols and timing. The effects of these diseases on cranio facial growth and the importance of the early intervention have been described. CONCLUSIONS. The review describes the main surgical protocols and treatment strategies of the unilateral lip and palate clefts. The review discusses how surgery effects the midfacial skeletal growth. Studies agree that the palate repair is the main cause of the maxilla growth disturbances. About the timing of palate repair in the unilateral clefts it can be concluded that most studies found no difference between one or two stages palate repair techniques for the midfacial growth. Also from the research, studies agree that delayed hard palate repair has more positive effects on maxillary growth than that of early hard palate repair. Nevertheless good results, delayed hard palate repair technique is abandoned by many hospital centres because of worse speech outcome. The best technique of palate repair is difficult to conclude, because the research results are part of a big controversy between the centers. From the studies about the alveolar repair it can be concluded that the primary bone grafting had more negative results on the skeletal growth. Gingivoperiosteoplasty and the secondary bone grafting had more positive results for intracranial relationship. The studies agree that the best timing of lip repair is during third-sixth month of life and that lip repair could have negative influence on the maxillary growth

Maxillary Central Incisor Root Resorption due to canine impaction after trauma : Is the canine substitution for maxillary incisors a suitable treatment option? : Two case report

OBJECTIVE: Canine impaction is a dental anomaly involving intraosseous displacement of the unerupted tooth. This situation is of significant importance causing orthodontic, surgical and interceptive problems. Trauma in the incisor area is a possible cause of the displacement of the tooth bud of the permanent canine resulting in the deviated eruption path. The aim of this article is to present two clinical cases with diagnosis of maxillary canine displacement and impaction in the incisor region after a traumatic injury during childhood, discussing treatment possibilities and outcomes achieved after orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this article ectopic maxillary canines migration in the central incisor area after a traumatic injury to the anterior upper teeth are described. The path of eruption of the canine can cause severe central incisor root resorption. Treatment strategy established for the case reports described involves orthodontic space opening, extraction of the central incisor, uncovering the impacted canine and orthodontic traction of the tooth in place of central incisor. Modification of crown morphology and color were essential to obtain an aesthetic and function outcome. RESULTS: The patients finished treatment with normal and stable occlusion, an adequate width of attached gingiva and good aesthetic results. CONCLUSION: Authors suggest that might have been a possible connection between the trauma of primary dentition causing the displacement of the tooth bud of permanent canine and the deviated path of eruption. For the growing patients with a combination of dental trauma and ectopic eruption, maxillary canine to replace a central incisor was a viable option, offering excellent aesthetic results without recourse to prosthetic replacement

Characterisation and sediment-source linkages of intertidal sediment of the UK's north Sefton Coast using magnetic and textural properties: Findings and limitations

Sediment pathways and links to offshore processes are considered in the textural and magnetic characteristics of sediments of the intertidal flats and salt marshes of the north Sefton Coast, UK. In addition, sediment from a range of intertidal, marine and fluvial locations within the northwest region has similarly been characterised. Subsequently, the characteristics of these regional sediments, using a multivariate statistical approach of R- and Q-mode factor analyses, have been used to investigate the sediment transport pathways of the north Sefton Coast sediment. The benefits of fractionating sediment samples have been observed, and by using combinations of textural and isothermal remanent magnetic measurements, specific environments within the research have been successfully differentiated and characterised. Linkages between potential sediment source areas have also been established on a particle size-related basis. © Springer-Verlag 2011