Everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma previously treated with bevacizumab: a prospective multicenter study CRAD001LRU02T⃰

Everolimus is an orally administered inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) recommended for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who progressed on previous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Efficacy of everolimus in patients who progressed on anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab is unknown. We did a multicenter prospective trial of everolimus in patients with mRCC whose disease had progressed on bevacizumab ± interferon alpha (IFN). Patients with clear-cell mRCC which had progressed on bevacizumab ± IFN received everolimus 10 mg once daily. The primary end point was the proportion of patients remaining progression-free for 56 days, and a two-stage Simon design was used, with 80 % power and an alpha risk of 5 %. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02056587. From December 2011 to October 2013, a total of 37 patients (28 M, 9 F) were enrolled. Median age was 60.5 years (range 41-66), 11 % had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) > 2, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) favorable/intermediate risk was 38/62 %. Five (14 %) patients had a confirmed partial response and 26 (70 %) patients had a stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 11.5 months (95 % CI, 8.8–14.2). Median overall survival was not reached. No grade 3 or 4 treatment-related toxicities were observed. The most common grade 2 adverse events were fatigue (19 %) and pneumonitis (8 %). Everolimus demonstrated a favorable toxicity profile and promising anti-tumor activity as a second-line therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients previously treated with bevacizumab ± IFN

Polymorphism of CLE gene sequences in potato

CLE (CLV3/ESR) is one of the most important groups of peptide phytohormones: its members regulate the development of various plant organs and tissues, as well as interaction with some parasites and symbionts and response to environmental factors. In this regard, the identification and study of the CLE genes encoding the peptides of this group in cultivated plants are of great practical interest. Relatively little is known about the functions of CLE peptides in potato, since the CLE genes of the potato Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk. were characterized only in 2021. At the same time, potato includes plenty of tuberous species of the genus Solanum L., both wild and cultivated, and the diversity of its forms may depend on differences in the sequences of CLE genes. In this work, we performed a search for and analysis of the CLE gene sequences in three wild potato species (S. bukasovii Juz., S. verrucosum Schltdl., S. commersonii Dunal) and four cultivated species (S. chaucha Juz. et Buk., S. curtilobum Juz. et Buk., S. juzepczukii Juz. et Buk., S. ajanhuiri Juz. et Buk.). In total, we identified 332 CLE genes in the analyzed potato species: from 40 to 43 genes of this family for each potato species. All potato species taken for analysis had homologues of previously identified S. phureja CLE genes; at the same time, the CLE42 gene, which is absent from the S. phureja genome, is present in all other analyzed potato species. Polymorphism of CLE proteins of S. commersonii is significantly higher than that of other analyzed potato species, due to the fact that S. commersonii grows in places outside the growing areas of other potato species and this potato is probably not one of the ancestors of cultivated potato. We also found examples of polymorphism of domains of CLE proteins that carried different functions. Further study of potato CLE proteins will reveal their role in development, including regulation of productivity in this important agricultural crop

Callus formation ability in cultivated peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)

Background: Russia is one of the largest peanut importing countries. At the same time, in the south of the country, several zones meet the requirements for peanut cultivation. It is possible to increase the yield of the existing peanut varieties by using modern biotechnology methods, in particular agrobacterial transformation. It is known from the literature data that different peanut genotypes and explants from various sources react differently to in vitro regeneration. Successful regeneration depends on the correct protocol, including both the type of regeneration and the composition of media promoting growth and in vitro induction.Objectives: a technique for obtaining peanut regenerants in in vitro culture.Materials and methods: Eight peanut accessions from the VIR collection of different origin were used in the work. Embryonic explants were grown on Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with the hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).Results and conclusions: As a result of assessing the regenerative ability of peanuts grown on Murashige-Skoog medium with the hormone 2,4-D at a concentration of 2 g/L, differences in the callus formation ability were revealed in different accessions. Those with catalog numbers k-793, k-2054 and k-2055 did not form organogenic calli, while accessions k-698 and k-1987 showed the highest percentage of callus formation from embryonic explants

Оценка удовлетворенности студентов физико-технического профиля университета онлайн-обучением

The authors study satisfying students of the Engineering and Physics Faculty of High Technologies of Ulyanovsk State University with the quality of online learning during the pandemic. They have determine the criteria and indicators of satisfaction with online learning based on implementing expectations of online learning and the social and professional adaptation (SPA) of students to online conditions. The diagnostic tools included a questionnaire to identify the implementation of students’ expectations of online training in natural sciences and humanities and a methodology for its processing. According to the survey results, the derived percentage integral indicators of implementing expectations of online training in natural sciences and humanities are the following: nearly 20 % of students are completely dissatisfied with online training in both blocks of disciplines; the rest are fully satisfied (38 %) or partially satisfied (about 40 %). The level of satisfaction with online learning of students according to the criterion of their readiness for the online mode was determined using a seven-level scale of self-assessment of psychological comfort in online and offline classes of natural science and humanities blocks of disciplines. Further, the percentage distribution of respondents on seven levels of the psychological comfort scale in online and offline classes of the natural science and humanities blocks of disciplines were carried on and compared. The analysis shows that the psychological well-being of the majority of respondents (about 86 %) in online classes in natural sciences is in the scale positive area; about 70 % of them are in the maximum comfort range. A similar analysis of online classes in the humanities shows that the comfort of the majority of respondents (about 87 %) corresponds to the scale positive area. 73 % of them are in the maximum comfort range. The study results have revealed rather high level of student satisfaction with studying natural sciences and humanities online, which indicates, in general, in favor of partial online education. Based on the existing direct dependence of motivation to learn and realizing expectations of the educational process, the authors conclude about maintaining a high level of motivation to learn in an online environment.Статья содержит результаты исследования удовлетворенности студентов инженерно-физического факультета высоких технологий Ульяновского государственного университета качеством обучения в формате онлайн в период пандемии. Определены критерии и показатели удовлетворенности онлайн-обучением на основе реализации ожиданий от онлайн-обучения и социально-профессиональной адаптации студентов к онлайн-условиям. Инструментарий диагностики включает анкету по выявлению реализации ожиданий студентов от онлайн-обучения естественно-научным и гуманитарным дисциплинам и методику ее обработки. По результатам опроса выводились процентные интегральные показатели реализации ожиданий от онлайн-обучения естественно-научным и гуманитарным дисциплинам: полностью не удовлетворены онлайн-обучением по обоим блокам дисциплин около 20 % учащихся; остальные удовлетворены полностью (38 %) и частично (около 40 %). Определение уровня удовлетворенности онлайн-обучением студентов по критерию их социально-профессиональной адаптации к режиму онлайн осуществлялось с помощью семиуровневой шкалы самооценки психологической комфортности на онлайн- и офлайн-занятиях естественно-научного и гуманитарного блоков дисциплин. Далее осуществлялось процентное распределение респондентов по семи уровням шкалы психологической комфортности на занятиях онлайн и офлайн естественно-научного и гуманитарного блоков дисциплин и производилось их сравнение. Анализ показал, что психологическое самочувствие основной массы респондентов (около 86 %) на онлайн-занятиях по естественно-научным дисциплинам находится в положительной области шкалы; из них в интервале максимальной комфортности – около 70 %. Аналогичный анализ на занятиях по гуманитарным дисциплинам в онлайн-режиме показал, что комфортность основной массы респондентов (около 87 %) соответствует положительной области шкалы, из них в интервале максимальной комфортности находятся 73 %. Результаты исследования позволили выявить достаточно высокий уровень удовлетворенности студентов изучением естественно-научных и гуманитарных дисциплин в режиме онлайн, что свидетельствует в целом о пользе частичного онлайн-обучения. На основании существующей прямой взаимозависимости мотивации к обучению и реализации ожиданий от учебного процесса сделан вывод о сохранении высокого уровня мотивации к обучению в условиях онлайн

Effect of colchicine on physiological and biochemical properties of <i>Rhodococcus qingshengii</i>

The genus Rhodococcus includes polymorphic non-spore-forming gram-positive bacteria belonging to the class Actinobacteria. Together with Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus belongs to the Mycolata group. Due to their relatively high growth rate and ability to form biof ilms, Rhodococcus are a convenient model for studying the effect of biologically active compounds on pathogenic Mycolata. Colchicine was previously found to reduce biof ilm formation by P. carotovorum VKM B-1247 and R. qingshengii VKM Ac-2784D. To understand the mechanism of action of this alkaloid on the bacterial cell, we have studied the change in the fatty acid composition and microviscosity of the R. qingshengii VKM Ac-2784D membrane. Nystatin, which is known to reduce membrane microviscosity, is used as a positive control. It has been found that colchicine at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.03 g/l and nystatin (0.03 g/l) have no signif icant effect on the survival of R. qingshengii VKM Ac-2784D cultivated in a buffered saline solution with 0.5 % glucose (GBSS). However, colchicine (0.03 g/l) signif icantly inhibits biof ilm formation. Rhodococcus cells cultivated for 24 hours in GBSS with colchicine acquire a rounded shape. Colchicine at 0.01 g/l concentration increases C16:1(n-7), C17:0, C20:1(n-9) and C21:0 fatty acids. The microviscosity of the membrane of individual cells was distributed from the lowest to the highest values of the generalized laurdan f luorescence polarization index (GP), which indicates a variety of adaptive responses to this alkaloid. At a higher concentration of colchicine (0.03 g/l) in the membranes of R. qingshengii VKM Ac-2784D cells, the content of saturated fatty acids increases and the content of branched fatty acids decreases. This contributes to an increase in membrane microviscosity, which is conf irmed by the data on the GP fluorescence of laurdan. All of the above indicates that colchicine induces a rearrangement of the Rhodococcus cell membrane, probably in the direction of increasing its microviscosity. This may be one of the reasons for the negative effect of colchicine on the formation of R. qingshengii VKM Ac-2784D biof ilms

Злокачественные новообразования трахеи, бронхов, легкого в регионе Сибири и Дальнего Востока: эпидемиологические аспекты

Epidemiology of lung cancer in Siberia and Russian Far East.Злокачественные новообразования трахеи, бронхов, легкого в регионе Сибири и Дальнего Востока: эпидемиологические аспекты

Эффективность и безопасность органосохраняющих операций при локализованном раке почки

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of surgical treatment in patients with locally advanced kidney cancer (KC), by comparing the immediate and late results of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) and nephrectomies. Subjects and methods. The results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 251 patients with KC who had undergone OSS (n = 124) or nephrectomy (n = 127). The groups were matched for gender, age, stage, and baseline glomerular filtration rate. Surgical complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in the amount of blood loss (median 300 ml) and in the hospital length of stay. The median renal ischemia time was 15.0±3.4 min. Complications after OSS and nephrectomies occurred in 10.4 and 4.7% of cases. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall survival rates (89.1%) than the nephrectomy group (70.6%) (p = 0.248). Conclusion. OSS is an effective, safe treatment option for KC, at the same time it is still inadequately frequently used in wide clinical practice. The OSS group was found to tend to have higher 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than the nephrectomy group (p &gt; 0.05). Цель исследования – оценка эффективности хирургического лечения больных локализованным раком почки (РП) путем сравнения непосредственных и отдаленных результатов органосохраняющих операций (ОСО) и нефрэктомий. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ результатов хирургического лечения 251 больного РП, подвергнутым ОСО (n = 124) или нефрэктомии (n = 127). Группы сопоставимы по полу, возрасту, стадии, исходной скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Хирургические осложнения оценены по классификации Clavien–Dindo. Оценка выживаемости рассчитана по методу Каплана–Майера. Результаты. В обеих группах больных не выявлено значимых различий в объеме кровопотери (медиана – 300 мл) и длительности госпитализации. Медиана времени ишемии почки составила 15,0 ± 3,4 мин. Осложнения при ОСО встречались в 10,4 %, после нефрэктомий – в 4,7 % случаев. В группе ОСО выявлена тенденция к увеличению 5-летней общей выживаемости (89,1 %) по сравнению с больными, перенесшими нефрэктомию (70,6 %; р = 0,248). Заключение. ОСО являются эффективным, безопасным методом лечения РП, при этом все еще недостаточно часто применяются в широкой клинической практике. В группе больных с ОСО выявлена тенденция к увеличению 5-летней общей и безрецидивной выживаемости по сравнению с больными, перенесшими нефрэктомию (р &gt; 0,05).

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ РАКА ПОЧКИ В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ

Results of epidemiological study on kidney cancer incidence among the population of the Primorsky Krai are presented. Methods of mathematical statistics recommended by the Ministry of Public Health were used. Within the first 5 years of the period 1994 to 2008, thekidney cancer incidence rate increased from 8,3 0/0000 to 12,5 0/0000 in men and from 4,4 0/0000 to 6,6 0/0000 in women, being the 8th most common cancer in men and the 11th most common cancer in women. The highest incidence rate was observed at the age of 55–59 years. The kidney cancer incidence rate in children for the period 1994–2008 was 1,8 0/0000, reaching peak incidence at age 0–4. Kidney cancer is the third most common cancer following hemoblastosis and brain tumors in children of this age group.Представлены результаты эпидемиологического исследования заболеваемости раком почки населения Приморского края с учетом возраста и пола. Использовались методы математической статистики, рекомендуемые МЗ. За период 1994–2008 гг. заболе-ваемость раком почки выросла у мужчин с 8,3 0/0000 в первой пятилетке  рассматриваемого периода до 12,5 0/0000, у женщин с 4,8 0/0000 до 6,6 0/0000 соответственно. При этом в структуре онкологической заболеваемости эта локализация переместилась у мужчин с 10-го места на 8-е, у женщин – с 12-го на 11-е место. Самый высокий рост заболеваемости отмечен в возрасте 55–59 лет. Выявлен пик заболеваемости у детей в возрасте 0–4 года, который к 2004–2008 гг. составил 1,8 0/0000 и в структуре онкологической заболеваемости этой возрастной группы занял 3-е место после гемобластозов и опухолей головного мозга