Endolithic Microorganisms in Live and Dead Thalli of Coralline Red Algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the Northern Adriatic Sea

Live and dead thalli of crustose coralline algae were examined to evidentiate their endolithic flora. As it occurs in corals, there is a great difference between endolithic microorganisms observed in live thalli and those observed in dead thalli. During our study live thalli were found to have few (Plectonema terebrans and Ostreobium quekettii) or no endolithic microorganisms, whereas a more numerous number of microorganisms (cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and fungi) was found in dead thalli

Comparison of In vitro Nanoparticles Uptake in Various Cell Lines and In vivo Pulmonary Cellular Transport in Intratracheally Dosed Rat Model

In present study, the potential drug delivery of nanoformulations was validated via the comparison of cellular uptake of nanoparticles in various cell lines and in vivo pulmonary cellular uptake in intratracheally (IT) dosed rat model. Nanoparticles were prepared by a bench scale wet milling device and incubated with a series of cell lines, including Caco-2, RAW, MDCK and MDCK transfected MDR1 cells. IT dosed rats were examined for the pulmonary cellular uptake of nanoparticles. The processes of nanoparticle preparation did not alter the crystalline state of the material. The uptake of nanoparticles was observed most extensively in RAW cells and the least in Caco-2 cells. Efflux transporter P-gp did not prevent cell from nanoparticles uptake. The cellular uptake of nanoparticles was also confirmed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells and in bronchiolar epithelial cells, type II alveolar epithelial cells in the intratracheally administrated rats. The nanoparticles uptake in MDCK, RAW cells and in vivo lung epithelial cells indicated the potential applications of nanoformulation for poorly soluble compounds. The observed limited direct uptake of nanoparticles in Caco-2 cells suggests that the improvement in oral bioavailability by particle size reduction is via increased dissolution rate rather than direct uptake

Genome-Wide Analyses Reveal a Role for Peptide Hormones in Planarian Germline Development

Genomic/peptidomic analyses of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea identifies >200 neuropeptides and uncovers a conserved neuropeptide required for proper maturation and maintenance of the reproductive system

Multiple periodic solutions of scalar second order differential equations

We prove multiplicity of periodic solutions for a scalar second order differential equation with an asymmetric nonlinearity, thus generalizing previous results by Lazer and McKenna (1987) [1] and Del Pino, Manasevich and Murua (1992) [2]. The main improvement lies in the fact that we do not require any differentiability condition on the nonlinearity. The proof is based on the use of the Poincare\u301\u2013Birkhoff Fixed Point Theorem

Multiple periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems in the plane

Our aim is to prove a multiplicity result for periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems in the plane, by the use of the Poincaré-Birkhoff Fixed Point Theorem. Our main theorem generalizes previous results obtained for scalar second order equations by Lazer and McKenna [ Large scale oscillatory behaviour in loaded asymmetric systems , Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 4 (1987), 243–274] and Del Pino, Manasevich and Murua [ On the number of $2\pi$-periodic solutions for $u''+g(u) =s(1+h(t))$ using the Poincaré–Birkhoff Theorem , J. Differential Equations 95 (1992), 240–258]