A "former nobleman": survival in soviet realities

The issues addressed in the article are of particular relevance for the contemporary historiography due to the absence of systematic studies on the history of the "Soviet nobility" and their adaptation to the Soviet realities. An especially interesting aspect of this topic is the transformation of values and worldview of the nobility in the conditions of the dominant communist ideology. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the nobility survival in the period of establishment of a totalitarian political regime and destruction of the traditional Russian system of values and religious traditions. The primary research method used to address the topic is the micro-historical analysis, which allowed the authors to obtain the following results: a typology of this social group was developed (involuntary or deported emigrants, open or hidden oppositionists, and those who were forced to adapt), based on characterization of beliefs, values and patterns of behaviour of individual representatives of the "former" nobility; oppressive measures used by the Soviet power against the "exploiters" were classified into several types: economic oppression, legal restrictions, ideological pressure and direct terror; and specific features of their adaptation to the Soviet realities, including its ethno-confessional aspect, were identified. The main conclusion drawn from the research is that the nobiliary culture and system of values proved extremely resistant to various challenges and threats of the Soviet epoch. Materials of this article have both theoretical and practical implications in the context of actualisation of the culture of mansions, nobiliary traditions and the cadet education in today´s Russia.Keywords: "Soviet nobility", system of values, emigration, opposition, terror, adaptatio

Effect of Anti-TNFα therapy by infliximab against pancreatic tissue damage in severe acute necrotizingn pancreatitis

The present study aimed to study the effect of infliximab on the lethality, volume, and nature of pancreatic lesions in severe necrotizing ductal pancreatic necrosi

CuO-CeO2 nanocomposite catalysts produced by mechanochemical synthesis

Mechanochemical synthesis based on ball-milling of individual oxides was applied as a one-step preparation technique for CuO-CeO2 catalyst for preferential CO oxidation in H2 excess. The mechanical energy dose transferred to the original powder mixture determines both the catalyst composition and activity. It is found that after 90 min of milling (corresponding to a dose of 372 kJ mol-1), a mixture of 10 wt.% CuO-CeO2 powder exhibits a CO conversion of 97% at 423 K. Four active oxygen states, which are not observed in case of pure CeO2, were detected in the nanocomposite lattice and attributed to the presence of Cu in surface sites as well as in subsurface bulk sites of CeO2, in nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor positions. Correspondingly, oxidation of CO to CO2 was found to occur in a two-stage process with Tmax = 395/460 K, and oxidation of H2 to H2O likewise in a four-stage process with Tmax = 426/448/468/516 K. The milled powder consists of CeO2 crystallites sized 8-10 nm agglomerated to somewhat larger aggregates, with CuO dispersed on the surface of the CeO2 crystallites, and to a lesser extent present as Cu2O. © 2019 Author(s).This work was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research [Projects n.n. 16-03-00330a and 16-03-00178a] in theoretical studies and part of experimental research and by FASO [program no. AAAA-A18-118012390374-3]. XPS measurements were supported by FASO (Theme “Electron”). The Alexander von Humboldt foundation is gratefully acknowledged for funding. We also would like to thank N. Berezkina for SEM measurements. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. Declarations of interest: none

Биоразнообразие чешуйчатых хризофитовых в притоках северной оконечности озера Байкал

В устьях рр. Верхняя Ангара и Кичера, а также в трех устьях Ангаро-Кичерской дельты, по которым осуществляется поступление вод в оз. Байкал, – Душкачанском, Среднем и Дагарском в июле 2017 г. проведены комплексные альгологические и гидрохимические исследования. С помощью сканирующей и трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии определен видовой список чешуйчатых хризофитовых, включающий 31 вид и внутривидовой таксон: Chrysosphaerella – 1; Paraphysomonas – 2; Spiniferomonas – 8; Mallomonas – 14; Synura – 6. В результате проведенных исследований список видов чешуйчатых хризофитовых Байкальского региона дополнился 3 таксонами и включает теперь 76 видов и внутривидовых таксонов, что характеризует его как наиболее богатый видами чешуйчатых хризофитовых в мире

On the Cauchy Problem for the Korteweg-de Vries Equation with Steplike Finite-Gap Initial Data I. Schwartz-Type Perturbations

We solve the Cauchy problem for the Korteweg-de Vries equation with initial conditions which are steplike Schwartz-type perturbations of finite-gap potentials under the assumption that the respective spectral bands either coincide or are disjoint.Comment: 29 page

Оптимизация проведения спинномозговой анестезии для оперативного родоразрешения у женщин с высокой массой тела

Objective: to develop a scheme for calculating the dose of a local anesthetic (LA) for spinal anesthesia (SA) during operative delivery, by taking into account the individual physical characteristics of a female patient. Subjects and methods. The course of SA was analyzed in 35 overweight women. In accordance with the body mass index (BMI), the patients were divided into 3 groups. In each group the authors identified subgroups with no arterial hypotension development (NAHD) and with arterial hypotension development (AHD) until a fetus was extracted. In each specific case, the used dose of a LA was compared with its dose calculated by the height of a patient and the difference between the BMI of a female patient and that taken as the normal value of 25 kg/m2. Results. When the doses of a LA, which were used for SA, were investigated, in all cases the doses of a LA were determined to be smaller than those calculated by the height of a patient. In the NAHD subgroups, the percentage reduction in LA doses was significantly greater than that in the AHD subgroups in all the three groups and the dose was increased as BMI rose from 13.6±1.6% in the NAHD subgroup in Group 1 to 34.7±1.2% in the same subgroup in Group 3. By comparing the percentage reduction in the LA dose and excess BMI, the authors established the correction coefficient for the LA dose calculated by height and derived a formula for calculating the dose of a LA, by taking into account the physical characteristics of a female patient. Conclusion. The LA dose calculation formula considering the individual physical characteristics of a female patient makes the determination of a LA dose more precise in order to optimize the course of anesthesia from the hemodynamic profile. Key words: spinal anesthesia, obesity, cesarean section.Цель исследования . Разработать схему расчета дозы МА для проведения СМА при оперативном родоразрешении с учетом индивидуальных физических характеристик пациентки. Материал и методы. В исследовании анализировали течение СМА у 35 женщин с повышенной массой тела. Женщины с учетом индекса массы тела (ИМТ) были разделены на 3 группы. В каждой из групп были выделены подгруппы с отсутствием развития артериальной гипотонии (ПН) и подгруппы с развитием артериальной гипотонии (НГ) до извлечения плода. В каждом отдельном случае проведения СМА проводили сравнение применяемой дозы местного анестетика (МА) с дозой МА, рассчитанной по росту и разницей между ИМТ пациентки и ИМТ, принятого за норму, равного 25 кг/м2. Результаты. При исследовании доз МА, применяемых для проведения СМА, определено, что во всех случаях дозы МА были ниже доз, рассчитанных по росту пациентки. В подгруппах с отсутствием развития АГ процентное снижение дозы МА было достоверно выше, чем в подгруппах с развитием АГ во всех 3-х группах и увеличивалось по мере нарастания ИМТ с 13,6±1,6% в ПН 1-й группе, до 34,7±1,2% в ПН 3-й. Путем сравнения процентного снижения дозы МА и избытка ИМТ установлен коэффициент коррекции дозы МА, рассчитанной по росту и выведена формула расчета дозы МА с учетом физических характеристик пациентки. Заключение. Формула расчета дозы МА, учитывающая индивидуальные физические характеристики пациентки, способствует более точному определению дозы МА для оптимизации течения анестезии по гемодинамическому профилю. Ключевые слова: спинномозговая анестезия, ожирение, кесарево сечение

Psychological support for carriers of mutations in genes associated with hereditary breast cancer

Relevance. Informing patients about the carriage of a pathogenic mutation may result in a psychologically traumatizing situation, characterized by acute stress reactions, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, or anxiety-depressive disorder. This highlights the importance of psychological counseling.Objective. To investigate the effectiveness of psychological support in a patient with mutations in genes associated with hereditary breast cancer.Materials and methods. Description of patient's medical history and results of instrumental psychological diagnosis after identifying a pathogenic mutation in the CHEK2 gene, which increases a risk of developing breast cancer to 20–40 % via genetic testing.Results. The nature of emotional response in this case is determined by personal history — identification of ideas about one's possible disease with mother's one. The conducted psychological consultations mitigated acute stress reactions and minimized the perception of received genetic information as a psychologically traumatic event. Furthermore, significant positive shifts were observed in the formation of adaptive stresscoping strategies, awareness of one's own mental resources, and reinforcement of adherence to the dynamic observation plan.Conclusion: Patients in situations involving the identification of mutations in genes associated with hereditary breast cancer require a personalized approach. Development of criteria for psychological support should be aimed at improving patients' quality of life not only in the immediate aftermath of information disclosure but also in the long term

Cu–CeO2 nanocomposites: mechanochemical synthesis, physico-chemical properties, CO-PROX activity

Catalytic systems designated for preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2 are prepared by ball milling of Cu and CeO2, a simple and cheap one-step process to synthesize such catalysts. It is found that after 60 min of milling, a mixture of 8 wt.% Cu–CeO2 powders exhibits CO conversion of 96% and CO selectivity of about 65% at 438 K. Two active oxygen states, which are not observed in case of pure CeO2, were detected in the nanocomposite lattice and attributed to the presence of Cu in surface sites as well as in subsurface bulk sites. Correspondingly, oxidation of CO to CO2 was found to occur in a two-stage process with Tmax ≈ 395/460 K, and oxidation of H2 to H2O likewise in a two-stage process with Tmax ≈ 465/490 K. The milled powder consists of CeO2 crystallites sized 8–10 nm agglomerated to somewhat larger aggregates, with Cu dispersed on the surface of the CeO2 crystallites, and to a lesser extent present as Cu2O. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

The discovAIR project: a roadmap towards the Human Lung Cell Atlas

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) consortium aims to establish an atlas of all organs in the healthy human body at single-cell resolution to increase our understanding of basic biological processes that govern development, physiology and anatomy, and to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of disease. The Lung Biological Network of the HCA aims to generate the Human Lung Cell Atlas as a reference for the cellular repertoire, molecular cell states and phenotypes, and cell–cell interactions that characterise normal lung homeostasis in healthy lung tissue. Such a reference atlas of the healthy human lung will facilitate mapping the changes in the cellular landscape in disease. The discovAIR project is one of six pilot actions for the HCA funded by the European Commission in the context of the H2020 framework programme. discovAIR aims to establish the first draft of an integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas, combining single-cell transcriptional and epigenetic profiling with spatially resolving techniques on matched tissue samples, as well as including a number of chronic and infectious diseases of the lung. The integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas will be available as a resource for the wider respiratory community, including basic and translational scientists, clinical medicine, and the private sector, as well as for patients with lung disease and the interested lay public. We anticipate that the Human Lung Cell Atlas will be the founding stone for a more detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of lung diseases, guiding the design of novel diagnostics and preventive or curative interventions