103 research outputs found

    ExposiĆ§Ć£o aguda de peixes Piaractus mesopotamicus a nano-tio2 e radiaĆ§Ć£o UV.

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    Resumo: As diversas propriedades da nanopartĆ­cula de diĆ³xido de titĆ¢nio (nano-TiOj) devem ser consideradas na avaliaĆ§Ć£o da ua ecotoxicidade. Este estudo buscou avaliar o efeito da co-exposiĆ§Ć£o de peixe ao nano- Ti02 e a radiaĆ§Ć£o ultravioleta a nĆ­veis ambientais. Peixes foram expostos durante 96h a O, I, 10 ou 100 mgIL de nano-Ti'Oj, sob duas diferentes condiƧƵes de iluminaĆ§Ć£o. Ao final do perĆ­odo de exposiĆ§Ć£o foram analisados os biomarcadores bioquĆ­micos atividade especĆ­fica de catalase, superĆ³xido dismutase, glutationa S-transferase, fosfatase Ć”cida, lipoperoxidaĆ§Ć£o e carbonilaĆ§Ć£o de proteĆ­nas no fĆ­gado do animais. Nas condiƧƵes testadas, nĆ£o foram observados efeitos tĆ³xicos do nano-TrO, nos parĆ¢metros avaliados

    ExposiĆ§Ć£o aguda de peixes Piaractus mesopotamicus a nano-tio2 e radiaĆ§Ć£o UV.

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    Resumo: As diversas propriedades da nanopartĆ­cula de diĆ³xido de titĆ¢nio (nano-TiOj) devem ser consideradas na avaliaĆ§Ć£o da ua ecotoxicidade. Este estudo buscou avaliar o efeito da co-exposiĆ§Ć£o de peixe ao nano- Ti02 e a radiaĆ§Ć£o ultravioleta a nĆ­veis ambientais. Peixes foram expostos durante 96h a O, I, 10 ou 100 mgIL de nano-Ti'Oj, sob duas diferentes condiƧƵes de iluminaĆ§Ć£o. Ao final do perĆ­odo de exposiĆ§Ć£o foram analisados os biomarcadores bioquĆ­micos atividade especĆ­fica de catalase, superĆ³xido dismutase, glutationa S-transferase, fosfatase Ć”cida, lipoperoxidaĆ§Ć£o e carbonilaĆ§Ć£o de proteĆ­nas no fĆ­gado do animais. Nas condiƧƵes testadas, nĆ£o foram observados efeitos tĆ³xicos do nano-TrO, nos parĆ¢metros avaliados

    ExposiĆ§Ć£o subletal de Daphnia a anatase provoca alteraƧƵes bioquĆ­micas dependentes da condiĆ§Ć£o de iluminaĆ§Ć£o.

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    Resumo: As nanopartĆ­culas de diĆ³xido de titĆ¢nio (nano-Ti0 2) apresentam propriedades fotocatalĆ­ticas que devem ser consideradas na sua avaliaĆ§Ć£o ecotoxicolĆ³gica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do nano-Ti0 2 em Daphnia similis, sob diferentes condiƧƵes de iluminaĆ§Ć£o. D. similis foram expostas a O, 7, 75 e 750 mg/L de nano-Ti0 2 (anatase, 25 nm) sob luz visĆ­vel ou luz visĆ­vel e radiaĆ§Ć£o ultravioleta (UV), durante 24h. Analisou-se a atividade de catalase (CAT), glutationa S-transferase (GST) e fosfata- se Ć”cida (FA) nos organismos expostos. CAT apresentou reduĆ§Ć£o na sua atividade nos grupos expostos a 750 mg/L. Em geral, a exposiĆ§Ć£o a radiaĆ§Ć£o UV elevou a atividade de GST. FA sofreu interaĆ§Ć£o dos fatores, sendo a atividade de FA inibida sob radiaĆ§Ć£o UV, em todas as concentraƧƵes testadas. Estes resultados contribuem para compreensĆ£o dos efeitos ecotoxicolĆ³gicos do nano-Ti0 2 e indicam que a condiĆ§Ć£o de iluminaĆ§Ć£o influencia tais efeitos. Abstract: Nanoparticles oftitanium dioxide (nano-Ti0 2) exhibit photocatalytic properties that must be considered in its ecotoxicological assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity ofnano-Ti0 2 in Daphnia similis under different illumination conditions. D. similis were exposed to O, 7, 75 and 750 mg/L of nano-Ti0 2 (anatase 25 nm) under visible light or visible and ultraviolet light (UV) for 24 hours. We analyzed the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acid phosphatase (AP) in exposed organisms. CAT showed a decrease in activity in the groups exposed to 750 mg/L. In general, exposure to UV radiation increased the GST activity. FA showed that there was an interaction offactors, and the activity of FA was inhibited under UV radiation, at ali tested concentrations. These findings contribute to understanding the ecotoxicological effects o f nano-TiO 2 and indicate that the illumination condition inftuences such effects

    Evaluation of the effects of nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles on plants

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    Nowadays, there are several commercially available products containing nanostructured materials. Meanwhile, despite the many benefits that can be obtained from nanotechnology, it is still necessary to understand the mechanisms in which nanomaterials interact with the environment, and to obtain information concerning their possible toxic effects. In agriculture, nanotechnology has been used in different applications, such as nanosensors to detect pathogens, nanoparticles as controlled release systems for pesticides, and biofilms to deliver nutrients to plants and to protect food products against degradation. Moreover, plants can be used as models to study the toxicity of nanoparticles. Indeed, phytotoxicity assays are required to identify possible negative effects of nanostructured systems, prior to their implementation in agriculture. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in plant growth and defense, and recently, several papers described the beneficial effects due to application of exogenous NO donors in plants. The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is an important anti-oxidant molecule and is the precursor of the NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In this context, the present work investigates the effects of different concentrations of alginate/chitosan nanoparticles, containing either GSH or GSNO, on the development of two test species (Zea mays and Glycine sp.). The results showed that the alginate/chitosan nanoparticles present a size average range from 300 to 550 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.35, and encapsulation efficiency of GSH between 45 - 56%. The NO release kinetics from the alginate/chitosan nanoparticles containing GSNO showed sustained and controlled NO release over several hours. Plant assays showed that at the concentrations tested (1, 5 and 10 mM of GSH or GSNO), polymeric nanoparticles showed no significant inhibitory effects on the development of the species Zea mays and Glycine sp., considering the variables shoot height, root length, and dry mass. Therefore, these nanoparticles seem to have promissing uses in agriculture, and might be potencially used as controlled release systems applied by the foliar route6174th International Conference on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials (Nanosafe

    ExposiĆ§Ć£o de embriƵes de Danio rerio a Nano-TiO2 sob diferentes condiƧƵes de iluminaĆ§Ć£o.

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    Resumo: As nanopartĆ­culas de diĆ³xido de titĆ¢nio (nano-TiO2) apresentam propriedades fotocatalĆ­ticas que devem ser consideradas na sua avaliaĆ§Ć£o ecotoxicolĆ³gica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do nano-TiO2 em embriƵes de peixe, sob diferentes condiƧƵes de iluminaĆ§Ć£o. EmbriƵes de paulistinha (Danio rerio) foram expostos a 0, 1, 10 e 100 mg/L de nano-TiO2 (anatase, 25 nm) sob luz visĆ­vel ou luz visĆ­vel e radiaĆ§Ć£o ultravioleta (UV). O nano-TiO2 apresentou baixa toxicidade aguda em todas as condiƧƵes testadas, porĆ©m apĆ³s 96 h de exposiĆ§Ć£o o grupo exposto a 100 mg/L com radiaĆ§Ć£o UV apresentou 5% de mortalidade e reduĆ§Ć£o no tamanho das larvas vivas. Observou-se eclosĆ£o prematura nos grupos expostos a 10 e 100 mg/L de nano-TiO2 sem UV. Estes resultados contribuem para compreensĆ£o dos efeitos ecotoxicolĆ³gicos do nano- TiO2 e indicam que a condiĆ§Ć£o de iluminaĆ§Ć£o influencia tais efeitos

    Neem oil and crop protection: from now to the future

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    A major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. In current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. In this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. However, limitations of biopesticides, including short shelf life, photosensitivity, and volatilization, make it difficult to use them on a large scale. Here, we review the potential use of neem oil in crop protection, considering the gaps and obstacles associated with the development of sustainable agriculture in the not too distant future7FUNDAƇƃO DE AMPARO ƀ PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SƃO PAULO - FAPESP2014/20273-4; 2013/12322-2; 2014/20286-9; 2015/15617-9; 2015/17120-

    Neem Oil and Crop Protection: From Now to the Future

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    In current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. A major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. In this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. However, limitations of biopesticides, including short shelf life, photosensitivity, and volatilization, make it difficult to use them on a large scale. Here, we investigate the potential use of neem oil in crop protection, considering the gaps and obstacles associated with the development of sustainable agriculture in the not too distant future
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