Real-Time Synthesis is Hard!

We study the reactive synthesis problem (RS) for specifications given in Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL). RS is known to be undecidable in a very general setting, but on infinite words only; and only the very restrictive BRRS subcase is known to be decidable (see D'Souza et al. and Bouyer et al.). In this paper, we precise the decidability border of MITL synthesis. We show RS is undecidable on finite words too, and present a landscape of restrictions (both on the logic and on the possible controllers) that are still undecidable. On the positive side, we revisit BRRS and introduce an efficient on-the-fly algorithm to solve it

Statistical Model Checking for Stochastic Hybrid Systems

This paper presents novel extensions and applications of the UPPAAL-SMC model checker. The extensions allow for statistical model checking of stochastic hybrid systems. We show how our race-based stochastic semantics extends to networks of hybrid systems, and indicate the integration technique applied for implementing this semantics in the UPPAAL-SMC simulation engine. We report on two applications of the resulting tool-set coming from systems biology and energy aware buildings.Comment: In Proceedings HSB 2012, arXiv:1208.315

Mightyl: A compositional translation from mitl to timed automata

Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) was first proposed in the early 1990s as a specification formalism for real-time systems. Apart from its appealing intuitive syntax, there are also theoretical evidences that make MITL a prime real-time counterpart of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Unfortunately, the tool support for MITL verification is still lacking to this day. In this paper, we propose a new construction from MITL to timed automata via very-weak one-clock alternating timed automata. Our construction subsumes the well-known construction from LTL to Büchi automata by Gastin and Oddoux and yet has the additional benefits of being compositional and integrating easily with existing tools. We implement the construction in our new tool MightyL and report on experiments using Uppaal and LTSmin as back-ends

Химикотехнологические решения проблемы твердых бытовых отходов и их социо-эколого-экономические аспекты.

The analysis of defects of the ways for burial of solid waiste and tecnologies of incinerations, combustion of solid waiste used in our country is represented. The concept of Universal Biokompleks is offered for the purpose of ecological and есоnomic optimization of these ways.Анализируются недостатки используемых в нашей стране способов захоронения, компостирования, сжигания, пиролиза твердых бытовых отходов. С целью экологической оптимизации этих способов предлагается концепция универсального биокомплекса

Antiviral Activity of Extracts from Basidiomycetes for Orthopoxviruses

Carried out was evaluation of the effect of water extracts from basidiomycetes in Vero cell culture on variola virus, and vaccinia virus. Antiviral effect demonstrated Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), befungin and melanin from chaga, Ganoderma applanatum (Artist’s Bracket) , Fomitopsis officinalis (Larch Fungus)

Possibility of using a mouse SCID as a model animal to variola virus for evaluating anti-smallpox drug efficacy

At present, there is no animal model for smallpox that reflects the weakened immune system in people and can therefore help assess the prophylactic (highly preventive) efficiency of antiviral drugs. To fill in the gap, we have explored the possibility of using outbred immunodeficient SCID mice as a model animal for smallpox with the aid of virolo­gical, histological and electron microscopic and sta­tistical methods. There was no clinical evidence of disease by intranasal infection of mice at a dose of 5.2 log10 PFU (plaque forming units). At the same time, the 50 % infective dose (ID50) of VARV estimated for animals by registering the presence of the virus in their lungs after 4 days post i.n. infection was 3.5 log10 PFU and was relatively similar to that in humans, theoretically determined by identification of the clinical picture of the disease. Virus replication was detected only in the respiratory organs of mice challenged i.n. with VARV at a dose of 5.2 log10 PFU (50 ID50). The values for its concentrations in the lungs and nose resembled those for affected people and well-known animal models (Macaca cynomolgus and ICR mice), respiratorily infected with VARV at similar doses. The existing model animals were not significantly different from SCID mice in the duration of viral presence in the lungs. Moreover, in SCID mice, as in humans and other animal models, similar pathomor- phological changes of inflammatory necrotic nature in the respiratory organs have been reported. Using SCID mice in assessing the prophylactic efficacy of the antiviral drugs NIOCH-14 and ST-246 demonstrated the adequacy of the results obtained to those described in the literature. This opens up the prospect of using SCID mice as an animal model for smallpox to develop antiviral drugs intended for people with severe immuno­suppressive states

Distributed Parametric and Statistical Model Checking

Statistical Model Checking (SMC) is a trade-off between testing and formal verification. The core idea of the approach is to conduct some simulations of the system and verify if they satisfy some given property. In this paper we show that SMC is easily parallelizable on a master/slaves architecture by introducing a series of algorithms that scale almost linearly with respect to the number of slave computers. Our approach has been implemented in the UPPAAL SMC toolset and applied on non-trivial case studies.Comment: In Proceedings PDMC 2011, arXiv:1111.006

Monkeypox Virus Dissemination in Case of Intranasal Infection of Mice

By the experiments of in vivo intranasal infection of 8-10-days-old outbread ICR mice with Monkeypox virus (MPV) in a dose equal 3.83 lg FFU/specimen, investigated was dynamics of the virus accumulation within various organs, blood cells, and blood serum. In 2 days after infection MPV was detected in blood cells, nasal cavity, lungs, spleen, and duodenum, and in 5 days after - in brain, trachea, liver, kidneys, and blood serum. It was established that 7 days after infection the highest level of MPV production was in the lungs, nasal cavity, and brain, where virus titers in 5 % homogenates were (5.7±0.1), (5.5±0.1), and (5.3±0.3) lg FFU/ml, respectively. In the blood cells virus was traced in 2, 5, and 7 days after challenge, while in blood serum - in 5 and 7 days. MPV blood transfer to the secondary target organs (liver, spleen, duodenum, kidneys, et al. ) was operational, probably, due to the virus proliferation in blood corpuscles. The data obtained and the worked out scheme of MPV dissemination in an organism can be used for the selection and construction of therapeutic anti-pox virus preparations with precise targeted drug delivery

Sensitivity of Different Animal Species to Monkeypox Virus

Studied is the sensitivity of different animal species (white mice, rabbits, mini-pigs, and marmots) to Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Determined is the fact that MPXV-sensitive are groundhogs (ID50 and LD50 5 lg of PFU in case of intranasal inoculation). The most pronounced clinical signs of the disease such as varioliform eruption all over body and mucous linings, purulent discharges out of nasal cavity, lymphadenitis, loss of coordination, tremor of extremities, fever, hyper-aggressiveness, disheveled hair have been registered in groundhogs. The highest viral loads in the majority of fallen marmots have been observed in nasal mucosa, trachea, lungs, and pock-marked skin (>6,0 lg PFU/g). The symptomatology of the disease in mice as compared to groundhogs is a bit milder: purulent conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and disheveled hair. As for mini-pigs and rabbits, no visual signs of the disease have been observed in them