Phenacetin isolated from Bursera grandifolia, a herbal remedy with antipyretic properties

Bursera grandifolia and other related species have been used in traditional herbal medicine in Mexico and other Latin American countries for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. From the chloroform extract of leaves of B. grandifolia, a substance was isolated and identified as phenacetin, a well known compound with widely tested analgesic and antipyretic properties. The structural identity of the compound was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with an authentic sample

Phenacetin isolated from Bursera grandifolia, a herbal remedy with antipyretic properties

Bursera grandifolia and other related species have been used in traditional herbal medicine in Mexico and other Latin American countries for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. From the chloroform extract of leaves of B. grandifolia, a substance was isolated and identified as phenacetin, a well known compound with widely tested analgesic and antipyretic properties. The structural identity of the compound was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence and by comparison with an authentic sample

Synthesis and characterization of poly (methyl methacrylate-styrene) copolymeric beads for bone cements

Acrylic bone cements have been used for about 40 years to fix artificial prosthesis to bone structure. The properties of the acrylic bone cement mostly depend on the characteristics of the beads, which are the main component of the solid part of the cement. In this work beads of poly(methyl methacrylate-co- styrene) were synthesized by suspension polymerization. The objective of this study was to obtain polymeric beads with particle size distributions and molecular weights that will permit the formulation of bone cements according to the international standards. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone- hydroxyapatite mixtures were studied as stabilizers of the system. Benzoyl peroxide (0.1, 1.0, 1.5% wt. in reference to the monomer) was the initiator of the reaction. The copolymeric beads were characterized by different analytical techniques. Polyvinylpyrrolidone alone was the best stabilizer and the bone cements prepared with polymer having low (247,000 g/mol) and high (800,000 g/mol) weight average molecular weights had static mechanical properties according to the requirements of commercial materials

Synthesis and characterization of poly (methyl methacrylate-styrene) copolymeric beads for bone cements

Acrylic bone cements have been used for about 40 years to fix artificial prosthesis to bone structure. The properties of the acrylic bone cement mostly depend on the characteristics of the beads, which are the main component of the solid part of the cement. In this work beads of poly(methyl methacrylate-co- styrene) were synthesized by suspension polymerization. The objective of this study was to obtain polymeric beads with particle size distributions and molecular weights that will permit the formulation of bone cements according to the international standards. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone- hydroxyapatite mixtures were studied as stabilizers of the system. Benzoyl peroxide (0.1, 1.0, 1.5% wt. in reference to the monomer) was the initiator of the reaction. The copolymeric beads were characterized by different analytical techniques. Polyvinylpyrrolidone alone was the best stabilizer and the bone cements prepared with polymer having low (247,000 g/mol) and high (800,000 g/mol) weight average molecular weights had static mechanical properties according to the requirements of commercial materials

Hollow porous particles in metered dose inhalers

PURPOSE: To assess the physical stability and aerosol characteristics of suspensions of hollow porous microspheres (PulmoSpheres) in HFA-134a.METHODS: Cromolyn sodium, albuterol sulfate, and formoterol fumarate microspheres were prepared by a spray-drying method. Particle size and morphology were determined via electron microscopy. Particle aggregation and suspension creaming times were assessed visually, and aerosol performance was determined via Andersen cascade impaction and dose uniformity studies.RESULTS: The hollow porous particle morphology allows the propellant to permeate freely within the particles creating a novel form of suspension termed a homodispersion, wherein the dispersed and continuous phases are identical, separated by an insoluble interfacial layer of drug and excipient. Homodispersion formation improves suspension stability by minimizing the difference in density between the particles and the medium, and by reducing attractive forces between particles. The improved physical stability leads to excellent dose uniformity. Excellent aerosolization efficiencies are also observed with PulmoSpheres formulations, with fine particle fractions of about 70%.CONCLUSIONS: The formation of hollow porous particles provides a new formulation technology for stabilizing suspensions of drugs in hydrofluoroalkane propellants with improved physical stability, content uniformity, and aerosolization efficiency

Supplementary Material for: The Sustained-Exposure Dexamethasone Formulation OTO-104 Offers Effective Protection against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss

The otoprotective effects of OTO-104 were investigated following both acute and chronic administration of cisplatin. The acute administration of cisplatin to guinea pigs resulted in profound hearing loss (70-80 dB SPL) across all frequencies tested. A single intratympanic injection of 6% OTO-104, but not of lower doses, almost completely protected against cisplatin ototoxicity. In contrast, a dexamethasone solution administered under the same experimental conditions offered no otoprotection. OTO-104 was also very effective in protecting against the progressive hearing loss observed with the chronic administration of cisplatin (3 injections at a weekly interval). The otoprotection was found to be dependent upon the activation of dexamethasone-dependent classical nuclear receptor pathways

A small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway (SM04690) as a potential disease modifying agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

ObjectivesOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of cartilage and increased subchondral bone within synovial joints. Wnt signaling affects the pathogenesis of OA as this pathway modulates both the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and production of catabolic proteases. A novel small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, SM04690, was evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo animal studies to determine its effects on chondrogenesis, cartilage protection and synovial-lined joint pathology.DesignA high-throughput screen was performed using a cell-based reporter assay for Wnt pathway activity to develop a small molecule designated SM04690. Its properties were evaluated in bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to assess chondrocyte differentiation and effects on cartilage catabolism by immunocytochemistry and gene expression, and glycosaminoglycan breakdown. In vivo effects of SM04690 on Wnt signaling, cartilage regeneration and protection were measured using biochemical and histopathological techniques in a rodent acute cruciate ligament tear and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + pMMx) OA model.ResultsSM04690 induced hMSC differentiation into mature, functional chondrocytes and decreased cartilage catabolic marker levels compared to vehicle. A single SM04690 intra-articular (IA) injection was efficacious in a rodent OA model, with increased cartilage thickness, evidence for cartilage regeneration, and protection from cartilage catabolism observed, resulting in significantly improved Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores and biomarkers, compared to vehicle.ConclusionsSM04690 induced chondrogenesis and appeared to inhibit joint destruction in a rat OA model, and is a candidate for a potential disease modifying therapy for OA

Formulation and characterization of lipid-coated tobramycin particles for dry powder inhalation

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe