High dillution of Staphysagria and fruit fly biotherapic preparations to manage South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, in organic peach orchards.

The peach, Prunus persica, is an important economic crop in southern Brazil, where family farms are predominantly small. The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus is a limiting factor to increased production in orchard crops. Increased organic production in Brazil has stimulated research to find ecological based pest management. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of preparations at high dilution in managing A. fraterculus in organic peach orchards. Experiments were conducted under field conditions in randomized blocks during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Treatments consisted of A. fraterculus nosodes and Staphysagria homeopathic preparations, both at two high dilution levels, 3CH and 6CH (centesimal hahnemannian dilution method), applied at two spray intervals, 5 and 10 days, and a control. Fruit losses due to A. fraterculus infestation varied from 40 to 98.3%. Although there were significant differences among treatments in the first harvest of two of the three experiments there were no significant differences in the second harvest of any of the experiments. None of the homeopathic preparations reduced the incidence of infested fruit significantly below that of the water control in any of the three experiments. Further studies must combine other strategies such as bagging fruits and planting of early season cultivars. Variation on high dilution potency, dose, and frequency of application must also be considered

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Background: The prevalence of vascular dysfunction increases with advancing age, as does the loss of muscle mass, strength and function. This systematic review explores the association between vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle health in healthy adults. Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies between January 2009 and April 2019, with 33 out of 1246 studies included based on predefined criteria. Assessments of muscular health included muscle mass, strength and function. Macrovascular function assessment included arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity or augmentation index), carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation. Microvascular health assessment included capillary density or microvascular flow (contrast enhanced ultrasound). Results: All 33 studies demonstrated a significant association between vascular function and skeletal muscle health. Significant negative associations were reported between vascular dysfunction and -muscle strength (10 studies); -mass (9 studies); and -function (5 studies). Nine studies reported positive correlations between muscle mass and microvascular health. Conclusions: Multiple studies have revealed an association between vascular status and skeletal muscle health in healthy adults. This review points to the importance of screening for muscle health in adults with vascular dysfunction with a view to initiating early nutrition and exercise interventions to ameliorate functional decline over tim

Efeitos dos inseticidas utilizados no controle de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B e sua seletividade aos inimigos naturais na cultura da soja.

RESUMO:Nas últimas safras a mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) tornou-se praga de importância econômica para a cultura da soja devido à ocorrência de altas infestações e à dificuldade de controle desta praga. Sendo assim, é importante buscar alternativas de manejo com base em um programa de manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, avaliaram-se neste trabalho a eficiência de diferentes inseticidas no controle da mosca-branca em casa-de-vegetação e a seletividade destes aos parasitoides Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum e Telenomus remus. Buprofezina 150 g i.a. ha-1 + óleo mineral 0,2% v/v e piriproxifem 100 g. i.a. ha-1 foram consideradas as melhores opções para uso no manejo da mosca-branca devido à boa eficiência de controle da praga associada com a maior seletividade aos parasitoides estudados à exceção de Encarsia formosa para o qual nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados foi classificado como seletivo. Beta-ciflutrina 9,375 +imidacloprido 75 g. i.a. ha-1 foi eficiente no controle de ninfas, mas não foi seletivo aos inimigos naturais avaliados. Em geral, os tratamentos contendo piretróides na sua composição (beta-ciflutrina 9,375 + imidacloprido 75 + espiromesifeno 60 g. i.a. ha-1; beta-ciflutrina 9,375 + imidacloprido 75 g. i.a. ha-1 e lambda-cialotrina 26,5 + tiametoxam 35,25 g i.a. ha-1) foram os mais nocivos aos parasitoides avaliados, portanto seu uso deve ser evitado sempre que possível. ABSTRACT: Effects of insecticides used in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B control and their selectivity to natural enemies in soybean crop in recent crop seasons, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B has become a serious pest in soybean crops due to high infestations and its control difficulties. Therefore, it is important to search control alternatives in the integrated pest management approach. Thus, it was evaluated in this study the efficacy of the whitefly control using different insecticides in greenhouse conditions and their selectivity to the parasitoids Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus. Buprofezin 150 g. a.i.ha-1 + mineral oil 0.2% v/v and pyriproxyfen 100 g. a.i.ha-1 were considered the best options for the whitefly management due to combine good pest control efficacy with higher selectivity to the parasitoids except Encarsia formosa for which no treatment was classified as harmless. Betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 g. i.a. ha-1 was efficient on controlling whiteflies nymphs but was not harmless to the studied natural enemies. In general, the treatments including pyretroids compounds (betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 + spiromesifen 60, betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 and lambda-cyhalothrin 26.5 + thiametoxan 35.25 g. a.i. ha-1) were the most harmful to the evaluated parasitoids and therefore it use should be avoid whenever possible

Avaliação da utilização de Nim Indiano em associação com silício e potássio no manejo da Mosca Branca na cultura da soja.

RESUMO: Avaliou-se o uso do produto comercial Organic Neem® e sua associação com o fertilizante à base de silício e potássio Sili-k®, no manejo de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), em casa de vegetação. Realizou-se a aplicação dos tratamentos nas plantas de soja, cultivadas em vasos plásticos, antes e após a infestação artificial pelos adultos da mosca-branca. Os tratamentos foram: Organic Neem® 1L ha-1, Sili-k® 1L ha-1, Organic Neem® 1L ha-1 + Sili-k® 1L ha-1 e testemunha (água). Os resultados mostraram que nenhum dos tratamentos tem ação satisfatória na redução da população da mosca-branca na cultura da soja. ABSTRACT: In this work, the use of the commercial product Organic Neem® and its association with the fertilizer Sili-k® containing silicon and potassium was evaluated in the management of the withefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under greenhouse conditions. The application of the treatments in soybean plants grown in plastic vases was performed before and after artificial infestation of whitefly adults. The treatments were: Organic Neem® 1L ha-1, Sili-k® 1L ha-1, Organic Neem® 1L ha-1 + Sili-k® 1L ha-1 and control (water). The results showed that none of the tested treatments had satisfactory action in reducing the withefly population in soybean

On religion and cultural policy: notes on the Roman Catholic Church

This paper argues that religious institutions have largely been neglected within the study of cultural policy. This is attributed to the inherently secular tendency of most modern social sciences. Despite the predominance of the ‘secularisation paradigm’, the paper notes that religion continues to promote powerful attachments and denunciations. Arguments between the ‘new atheists’, in particular, Richard Dawkins, and their opponents are discussed, as is Habermas’s conciliatory encounter with Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI). The paper then moves to a consideration of the Roman Catholic Church as an agent of cultural policy, whose overriding aim is the promotion of ‘Christian consciousness’. Discussion focuses on the contested meanings of this, with reference to (1) the deliberations of Vatican II and (2) the exercise of theological and cultural authority by the Pope and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF). It is argued that these doctrinal disputes intersect with secular notions of social and cultural policy and warrant attention outside the specialist realm of theological discourse

Minerales con hierro en arcillas vinculadas a la ingresión marina holocena en la llanura costera del estuario del Río de la Plata (Argentina): implicancias paleoambientales

En este trabajo se efectúa la caracterización de los minerales portadores de hierro en arcillas de la llanura costera del estuario del Río de la Plata, incluidas en la Facies Villa Elisa de la Formación Las Escobas (MIS1), con el principal objetivo de contribuir a su interpretación paleoambiental. Además, los resultados permi­ ten hacer inferencias que se estiman de interés para la Pedología y para las Ciencias Ambientales. El trabajo abarca el uso de diversas técnicas (análisis quí­ micos, determinación de propiedades magnéticas, análisis térmico diferencial­ termogravimétrico, difractometría de rayos X y espectroscopia Mössbauer). Los materiales analizados presentan tonalidades gris­oliva y se clasifican como arcillas. Presentan una asociación mineralógica compleja, resultado de la combinación de múltiples factores, que incluyen procesos vinculados a su procedencia, al ambiente de depositación y a los efectos de la pedogénesis. Dominan los argilominerales (aproximadamente 60%), representados principalmente por esmectitas, illita y secundariamente por caolinita e interestratificados illita/esmectita con elevado contenido de capas expansivas. Se identificó también la presencia de cuarzo, plagio­ clasas, feldespatos alcalinos y en menor medida calcita y óxi­hidróxidos de hierro. El contenido de hierro total es considerable (alrededor del 10%), con un claro pre­ dominio de Fe3+ sobre el Fe2+ (92% y 8%, respectivamente). Los óxi­hidróxidos de hierro presentes (goethita y eventualmente ferrihidrita) no constituyen los principales portadores de hierro. De esta manera se concluye que el Fe3+ se en­ cuentra principalmente en los argilominerales, en particular en esmectitas ricas en hierro (Fe­esmectitas), del tipo nontronita/Fe­beidellita. La asociación mineral determinada tiene importantes implicancias para la interpretación paleoambiental. Se concluye que un ambiente de marisma recibió argilominerales a partir de la erosión de suelos loéssicos (principalmente esmectitas e illita) y por corrientes mareales (más ricos en esmectitas y caolinita). Mecanismos propios del ambiente depositacional, vinculados a ciclos de humedecimiento­secado con oscilaciones de Eh en un medio levemente alcalino permitieron la incorporación de hierro en la estructura de las esmectitas. Un aspecto a destacar es que estos materiales pre­ sentan colores glei originados por minerales con Fe3+ (Fe­esmectitas y goethita), lo cual contradice el tradicional supuesto en Pedología, que asocia este patrón de color a minerales de Fe2+. Finalmente, se destaca que la elevada participación de Fe­esmectitas en asociación con óxi­hidróxidos de hierro, contribuye a la adsorción de metales pesados y otros contaminantes de la región, dándole a la Facies Villa Elisa un importante valor ambiental

On our own terms : the working conditions of internet-based sex workers in the UK

The sex industry is increasingly operated through online technologies, whether this is selling services online through webcam or advertising, marketing or organising sex work through the Internet and digital technologies. Using data from a survey of 240 internet-based sex workers (members of the National Ugly Mug reporting scheme in the UK), we discuss the working conditions of this type of work. We look at the basic working patterns, trajectories and everyday experiences of doing sex work via an online medium and the impact this has on the lives of sex workers. For instance, we look at levels of control individuals have over their working conditions, prices, clientele and services sold, and discuss how this is mediated online and placed in relation to job satisfaction. The second key finding is the experience of different forms of crimes individuals are exposed to such as harassment and blackmail via the new technologies. We explore the relationship internet-based sex workers have with the police and discuss how current laws in the UK have detrimental effects in terms of safety and access to justice. These findings are placed in the context of the changing landscape of sex markets as the digital turn determines the nature of the majority of commercial sex encounters. These findings contribute significantly to the populist coercion/choice political debates by demonstrating levels and types of agency and autonomy experienced by some sex workers despite working in a criminalized, precarious and sometimes dangerous context

Diagnóstico de adultos de Drosophila suzukii e Zaprionus sp. em duas regiões produtoras de morango do Rio Grande do Sul.

A família Drosophilidae (Diptera) abriga espécies que causam prejuízos à agricultura, infestando diferentes frutíferas em todo o mundo.Agropecuária catarinense, v. 31, n. 2, mai./ago. 2018

Caracterização da suinocultura no Brasil a partir do censo agropecuário 2006 do IBGE.

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