Brain activity pattern changes after adaptive working memory training in multiple sclerosis

Cognitive impairment and related abnormal brain activity are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Adaptive training based on working memory (WM) has been shown to ameliorate cognitive symptoms, although the effects at a neural level are unclear. The aim of this study was to expand the existing research on the effects of an adaptive WM rehabilitative intervention on brain functional activity in PwMS. A sample of eighteen PwMS performed an 8-week home-based cognitive rehabilitation treatment based on adaptive WM training. PwMS were assessed before and after treatment using a validated neuropsychological battery and undergoing an fMRI session while carrying out a cognitive task (i.e., Paced Visual Serial Addition Test - PVSAT). fMRI activations were compared to the activation pattern elicited by eighteen matched healthy subjects performing the same task. At baseline, we found abnormal brain activity during PVSAT in PwMS when compared to healthy subjects, with a pattern including several bilateral activation clusters. Following rehabilitation, PwMS improved cognitive performance, as evaluated by the neuropsychological battery, and showed a different activation map with clusters mainly located in the right cerebellum and in the left hemisphere. The only significant cluster in the right hemisphere was located in the inferior parietal lobule, and the BOLD signal extracted in this area significantly correlated with cognitive performance both before and after the treatment. We suggest that WM training can improve the cognitive performance and reduce the abnormal activation of PwMS by partially maintaining or even restoring brain cognitive function

Efficacy of dupilumab in atopic comorbidities associated with moderate-to-severe adult atopic dermatitis

Background: Dupilumab is an anti-IL-4Rα antibody used in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (msAD). This study explored the potential benefit of dupilumab in perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (PAR) and perennial allergic asthma (PAA) caused by indoor allergens in adults with msAD. Methods: This multicentric, prospective, observational, real-life study included adult patients with msAD who had been treated with dupilumab in 16 Italian care centres. Efficacy outcomes regarding AD, PAR and PAA were collected at baseline and 16 weeks. Safety was also assessed. Results: We enrolled 123 patients with msAD. Between baseline and 16 weeks of treatment, the following measurements decreased statistically significantly: Eczema Area and Severity Index, SCOring AD, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, pruritus score, sleep score, Dermatology Life Quality Index and IgE. Dupilumab treatment in patients with comorbid PAR (n = 41) was associated with significant improvements in PAR disease control (measured using a Rhinitis Control Scoring System) and in PAR Quality of life (QoL) (measured using the Rhinoconjunctivitis QoL Questionnaire scores). In 32 patients with comorbid PAA, dupilumab significantly improved PAA control (measured using the Asthma Control Test and five-item Asthma Control Questionnaire scores) and disease-related QoL (measured using the Asthma QoL Questionnaire scores). Thirty-five patients (28.5%) developed conjunctivitis during the study period. Conclusion: These results support the benefits of dupilumab for adult patients with PAR and/or PAA associated with msAD

Cord cross-sectional area at foramen magnum as a correlate of disability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Spinal cord atrophy is one of the hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); however, it is not routinely assessed in routine clinical practice. In the present study, we evaluated whether spinal cord cross-sectional area measured at the foramen magnum level using a magnetic resonance imaging head scan represents a clinically meaningful measure to be added to the whole-brain volume assessment. Using an active surface approach, we measured the cord area at the foramen magnum and brain parenchymal fraction on T1-weighted three-dimensional spoiled gradient recalled head scans in two groups of subjects: 23 patients with ALS (males/females, 13/10; mean\u2009\ub1\u2009standard deviation [SD] age 61.7\u2009\ub1\u200910.3 years; median ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score 39, range 27-46) and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (mean\u2009\ub1\u2009SD age 55.7\u2009\ub1\u200910.2 years). Spinal cord area at the foramen magnum was significantly less in patients than in control subjects and was significantly correlated with disability as measured with the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (\u3c1\u2009=\u20090.593, p\u2009<\u2009 0.005). This correlation remained significant after taking into account inter-individual differences in brain parenchymal fraction (\u3c1\u2009=\u20090.684, p\u2009<\u2009 0.001). Our data show that spinal cord area at the foramen magnum correlates with disability in ALS independently of whole-brain atrophy, thus indicating its potential as a disease biomarker

Upper limb motor rehabilitation impacts white matter microstructure in multiple sclerosis

Upper limb impairments can occur in patients with multiple sclerosis, affecting daily living activities; however there is at present no definite agreement on the best rehabilitation treatment strategy to pursue. Moreover, motor training has been shown to induce changes in white matter architecture in healthy subjects.This study aimed at evaluating the motor behavioral and white matter microstructural changes following a 2-month upper limb motor rehabilitation treatment based on task-oriented exercises in patients with multiple sclerosis.Thirty patients (18 females and 12 males; age. = 43.3. ±. 8.7. years) in a stable phase of the disease presenting with mild or moderate upper limb sensorimotor deficits were randomized into two groups of 15 patients each. Both groups underwent twenty 1-hour treatment sessions, three times a week. The "treatment group" received an active motor rehabilitation treatment, based on voluntary exercises including task-oriented exercises, while the "control group" underwent passive mobilization of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers.Before and after the rehabilitation protocols, motor performance was evaluated in all patients with standard tests. Additionally, finger motor performance accuracy was assessed by an engineered glove.In the same sessions, every patient underwent diffusion tensor imaging to obtain parametric maps of fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. The mean value of each parameter was separately calculated within regions of interest including the fiber bundles connecting brain areas involved in voluntary movement control: the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tracts and the superior longitudinal fasciculi.The two rehabilitation protocols induced similar effects on unimanual motor performance, but the bimanual coordination task revealed that the residual coordination abilities were maintained in the treated patients while they significantly worsened in the control group (p. = 0.002). Further, in the treatment group white matter integrity in the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts was preserved while a microstructural integrity worsening was found in the control group (fractional anisotropy of the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts: p. = 0.033 and p. = 0.022; radial diffusivity of the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts: p. = 0.004 and p. = 0.008). Conversely, a significant increase of radial diffusivity was observed in the superior longitudinal fasciculi in both groups (p. = 0.02), indicating lack of treatment effects on this structure, showing damage progression likely due to a demyelination process.All these findings indicate the importance of administering, when possible, a rehabilitation treatment consisting of voluntary movements. We also demonstrated that the beneficial effects of a rehabilitation treatment are task-dependent and selective in their target; this becomes crucial towards the implementation of tailored rehabilitative approaches. © 2013 The Authors

La búsqueda de la identidad en el período 1975-1983

A partir del análisis de resoluciones y expedientes judiciales conservados en el Archivo General de los Tribunales de Córdoba, mediante el relevamiento y sistematización de los procesos de guardas y adopciones tramitados entre 1975 y 1983 en los Juzgados de Menores y Juzgados Civiles, el proyecto se propone: identificar casos potenciales de apropiación de hijos de personas víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado, y elaborar una base de datos que contribuya a dar respuesta a las consultas sobre identidad presentadas ante el Poder Judicial de Córdoba. Es un trabajo cuya mirada se centra en la escena judicial de la época del “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” con el propósito de colaborar en la promoción de los derechos humanos y la restitución de derechos vulnerados.Fil: Bonzano, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

La búsqueda de la identidad en el período 1975-1983

A partir del análisis de resoluciones y expedientes judiciales conservados en el Archivo General de los Tribunales de Córdoba, mediante el relevamiento y sistematización de los procesos de guardas y adopciones tramitados entre 1975 y 1983 en los Juzgados de Menores y Juzgados Civiles, el proyecto se propone: identificar casos potenciales de apropiación de hijos de personas víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado, y elaborar una base de datos que contribuya a dar respuesta a las consultas sobre identidad presentadas ante el Poder Judicial de Córdoba. Es un trabajo cuya mirada se centra en la escena judicial de la época del “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” con el propósito de colaborar en la promoción de los derechos humanos y la restitución de derechos vulnerados.Fil: Bonzano, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

A multicentric study on prevalence of clinical patterns and clinical phenotypes in adult atopic dermatitis

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Infectious Keratitis: Characterization of Microbial Diversity through Species Richness and Shannon Diversity Index

Purpose: To characterize microbial keratitis diversity utilizing species richness and Shannon Diversity Index. Methods: Corneal impression membrane was used to collect samples. All swabs were processed and analyzed by Biolab Laboratory (level V—SSN Excellence: ISO 9001:2015), Biolab Srl (Ascoli Piceno, Italy). DNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing were performed in all samples. After sequencing, low-quality and polyclonal sequences were filtered out by the Ion software. At this point, we employed Kraken2 for microbial community analysis in keratitis samples. Nuclease-free water and all the reagents included in the experiment were used as a negative control. The primary outcome was the reduction in bacterial DNA (microbial load) at T1, expressed as a percentage of the baseline value (T0). Richness and Shannon alpha diversity metrics, along with Bray–Curtis beta diversity values, were calculated using the phyloseq package in R. Principal coordinate analysis was also conducted to interpret these metrics. Results: 19 samples were included in the study. The results exhibited a motley species richness, with the highest recorded value surpassing 800 species. Most of the samples displayed richness values ranging broadly from under 200 to around 600, indicating considerable variability in species count among the keratitis samples. Conclusions: A significant presence of both typical and atypical bacterial phyla in keratitis infections, underlining the complexity of the disease’s microbial etiology