Antiproliferative activity of a new derivative from the class of N-glycoside of indolo [2,3-a] pyrrolo [3,4-c] carbazoles

The aim of the study was to evaluate an antiproliferative activity of a new, Russian derivative of N-glycoside substituted indolocarbazole 6-amino-12-(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)indolo [2,3-a] pyrrolo [3,4-c] carbazole-5,7-dione (LCS-1208) on models of transplantable tumors of mice and on human tumors in Balb/c nude mic

Bioaugmentation with copper tolerant endophyte Pseudomonas lurida strain EOO26 for improved plant growth and copper phytoremediation by Helianthus annuus

Organic fertilizers became a better alternative to chemical fertilizers in modern agricultural practices however, contamination of copper (Cu) from organic fertilizer is still a major concern for the globe. Plant growth promoting (PGP) microorganisms showed their efficiency to combat with this problem and thus Cu tolerant PGP endophytes from roots of Odontarrhena obovata (Alyssum obovatum) growing on Cu smelter contaminated serpentine soil were explored in present study. Out of twenty-four isolates, Pseudomonas lurida strain EOO26 identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing was selected to check its efficacy for Cu-remediation. The strain EOO26 showed multi-metal tolerance, drought resistance and exhibited PGP attributes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, siderophore and ammonia production. Significant production of indole-3-acetic acid and phosphate-solubilization under different Cu concentration (0–100 mg L−1) at varying pH (5.0–8.0) suggests potentiality of this strain to work effectively under wide range of abiotic stress conditions. Plant growth experiment (pH 6.8 ± 0.3) in copper spiked soil suggested a significant increase in length and dry weight of root and shoot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after inoculation with strain EOO26. Plants inoculated with strain EOO26 resulted in increase in Cu uptake by 8.6-fold for roots and 1.9-fold for leaves than uninoculated plants. The total plant uptake in inoculated Cu treatment was 2.6-fold higher than uninoculated one, which is much higher than the previously reported Cu accumulating plants. The excellent adaptation abilities and promising metal removal efficiency strongly indicate superiority of strain EOO26 for phytoremediation of Cu-contamination and may work effectively for Cu removal from contaminated soils. © 2020 Elsevier LtdScience and Engineering Research Board, SERB; Department of Science and Technology, Government of West Bengal, DST: INT/ RUS / RFBR /363; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationThe authors acknowledge the work support by RFBR , Russia (Project No. 19-516-45006) and DST , India (INT/ RUS / RFBR /363) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006). L.B.B thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India for providing National Post-Doctoral Fellowship (Grant No. PDF/2017/001074 )

Differential Diagnosis of New-Onset Pulmonary Ground Glass Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Report

The paper describes a clinical case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a young patient during the COVID-19 pandemic when the patient having complaints of dyspnea and interstitial lung changes as ground glass opacity was initially unambiguously diagnosed with viral COVID-related bilateral pneumonia. The chief computed tomography manifestations in the lung were infiltrative inflammatory changes as numerous areas of predominantly interstitial infiltration by the type of ground glass, with consolidation areas and reticular changes, varying in extent, peripheral localization, mainly in the lower lobes and with the 25–50% involvement of the right and left lung parenchyma. The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was confirmed by cytological and histological examinations of the biopsy material obtained during bronchoscopy using a set of biopsies and endobronchial cryobiopsy.This clinical case demonstrates that the chest computed tomography detection of pulmonary ground glasstype changes is a reason for further patient examinations and requires morphological verification of the diagnosis, since the cost of a diagnostic error is the life of a patient

Diffuse-Charge Dynamics in Electrochemical Systems

The response of a model micro-electrochemical system to a time-dependent applied voltage is analyzed. The article begins with a fresh historical review including electrochemistry, colloidal science, and microfluidics. The model problem consists of a symmetric binary electrolyte between parallel-plate, blocking electrodes which suddenly apply a voltage. Compact Stern layers on the electrodes are also taken into account. The Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations are first linearized and solved by Laplace transforms for small voltages, and numerical solutions are obtained for large voltages. The ``weakly nonlinear'' limit of thin double layers is then analyzed by matched asymptotic expansions in the small parameter $\epsilon = \lambda_D/L$, where $\lambda_D$ is the screening length and $L$ the electrode separation. At leading order, the system initially behaves like an RC circuit with a response time of $\lambda_D L / D$ (not $\lambda_D^2/D$), where $D$ is the ionic diffusivity, but nonlinearity violates this common picture and introduce multiple time scales. The charging process slows down, and neutral-salt adsorption by the diffuse part of the double layer couples to bulk diffusion at the time scale, $L^2/D$. In the ``strongly nonlinear'' regime (controlled by a dimensionless parameter resembling the Dukhin number), this effect produces bulk concentration gradients, and, at very large voltages, transient space charge. The article concludes with an overview of more general situations involving surface conduction, multi-component electrolytes, and Faradaic processes.Comment: 10 figs, 26 pages (double-column), 141 reference

Optimal treatment methods of infectious complications in cases of large joint replacement arthroplasty in modern conditions

Research objective: to choose optimal treatment methods in conditions of Federal Centers of high-technology medical carebased on the analysis of infectious complications in cases of large joint replacement arthroplasty. Materials and methods. In the Federal State Publicly Funded Institution “Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Replacement Arthroplasty” in Cheboksary city in the period from 2009 to 2014 there weremade 20761 large joint replacement operations. The incidence rate of deep infectious complicationsamounted to 0.3%. The average age of patients who had infectious complications was 61.2± 12.3 years old, and the male to female ratio was 1:2. Infectious complication risk factors have been evaluated using the continuous method, and the species composition of selected microflora have been studied. Based on the analysis of surgical intervention approaches the optimal method of surgical treatment has been determined. Results. The main predisposing infectious complication risk factors were chronic infection sites, diabetes, obesity, systemic inflammatory diseases, previous intra-articular administration of medicines, blood transfusions, repeated surgical manipulations in the area of the planned surgical intervention, as well as hematomas in the periprosthetic area identified in the postoperative period. The main germ of infectious complications is represented by gram-positive organisms, and the leading role belongs to staphylococci (52%). When identifying infection in the operated jointat the Center, such priority treatment strategiesas a two-stage replacement arthroplasty with long interval" (70.5%), single-stage revision surgery (23.5%), and three-stage revision surgery (6 % ) were used. Two-stage replacement arthroplasty with “long interval” is an efficient treatment, as well as it is economically feasible. It is necessary to take into account the duration of an antibioticrelease from the cement spacer. Reduction of the period between reimplantations significantly reduces the proportion of re-revisions (from 9% to 4.5% , p<0.05), improves long-term results and increases the treatmentmotivation of patients.Цель исследования: на основе анализа инфекционных осложнений при эндопротезировании крупных суставов выбрать оптимальные методы лечения в условиях Федеральных Центров высокотехнологичной медицинской помощи. Материалы и методы. В ФГБУ «Ф Ц ТОЭ » Минздрава России (г. Чебоксары) за период с 2009 по 2014 гг. было проведено 20 761 операций по эндопротезированию крупных суставов. Частота возникновения глубоких инфекционных осложнений составила 0,3%. Средний возраст пациентов с инфекционными осложнениями составил 61,2+12,3 года, соотношение мужчин и женщин 1:2. Сплошным методом проведена оценка факторов риска развития инфекционных осложнений, изучен видовой состав выделенной микрофлоры. На основании анализа тактики оперативного вмешательства определен оптимальный метод хирургического лечения. Результаты. Основными предрасполагающими факторами риска в развитии инфекционных осложнений явились очаги хронической инфекции, сахарный диабет, ожирение, системные воспалительные заболевания, предшествующее внутрисуставное введение лекарственных средств, гематрансфузии, неоднократные хирургические манипуляции области планируемого хирургического вмешательства, а также наличие гематом в перипротезной зоне, выявленные в послеоперационном периоде. Основной возбудитель инфекционных осложнений представлен Грамм положительными микроорганизмами, ведущая роль из которых принадлежит стафилококкам (52%). При выявлении инфекционного процесса в оперированном суставе приоритетная тактика лечения в Центре состояла в двухэтапном эндопротезировании с «длинным интервалом» (70,5%), одноэтапное ревизионное вмешательство составило 23,5%, трехэтапное ревизионное вмешательство - 6%. Двухэтапное эндопротезирование с «длинным интервалом» является эффективным методом лечения, а также экономически целесообразным. При этом необходимо учитывать длительность высвобождения антибиотика из цементного спейсера. Сокращение срока между реимплантациями достоверно снижает долю реревизий (с 9% до 4,5%, р<0,05), улучшает долгосрочные результаты, повышает мотивацию пациентов к лечению

Observational Diagnostics of Gas Flows: Insights from Cosmological Simulations

Galactic accretion interacts in complex ways with gaseous halos, including galactic winds. As a result, observational diagnostics typically probe a range of intertwined physical phenomena. Because of this complexity, cosmological hydrodynamic simulations have played a key role in developing observational diagnostics of galactic accretion. In this chapter, we review the status of different observational diagnostics of circumgalactic gas flows, in both absorption (galaxy pair and down-the-barrel observations in neutral hydrogen and metals; kinematic and azimuthal angle diagnostics; the cosmological column density distribution; and metallicity) and emission (Lya; UV metal lines; and diffuse X-rays). We conclude that there is no simple and robust way to identify galactic accretion in individual measurements. Rather, progress in testing galactic accretion models is likely to come from systematic, statistical comparisons of simulation predictions with observations. We discuss specific areas where progress is likely to be particularly fruitful over the next few years.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dave, to be published by Springer. Typos correcte

Gas Accretion and Star Formation Rates

Cosmological numerical simulations of galaxy evolution show that accretion of metal-poor gas from the cosmic web drives the star formation in galaxy disks. Unfortunately, the observational support for this theoretical prediction is still indirect, and modeling and analysis are required to identify hints as actual signs of star-formation feeding from metal-poor gas accretion. Thus, a meticulous interpretation of the observations is crucial, and this observational review begins with a simple theoretical description of the physical process and the key ingredients it involves, including the properties of the accreted gas and of the star-formation that it induces. A number of observations pointing out the connection between metal-poor gas accretion and star-formation are analyzed, specifically, the short gas consumption time-scale compared to the age of the stellar populations, the fundamental metallicity relationship, the relationship between disk morphology and gas metallicity, the existence of metallicity drops in starbursts of star-forming galaxies, the so-called G dwarf problem, the existence of a minimum metallicity for the star-forming gas in the local universe, the origin of the alpha-enhanced gas forming stars in the local universe, the metallicity of the quiescent BCDs, and the direct measurements of gas accretion onto galaxies. A final section discusses intrinsic difficulties to obtain direct observational evidence, and points out alternative observational pathways to further consolidate the current ideas.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dav\'e, to be published by Springe

Gas Accretion and Giant Lyman-alpha Nebulae

Several decades of observations and discoveries have shown that high-redshift AGN and massive galaxies are often surrounded by giant Lyman-alpha nebulae extending in some cases up to 500 kpc in size. In this review, I discuss the properties of the such nebulae discovered at z>2 and their connection with gas flows in and around the galaxies and their halos. In particular, I show how current observations are used to constrain the physical properties and origin of the emitting gas in terms of the Lyman-alpha photon production processes and kinematical signatures. These studies suggest that recombination radiation is the most viable scenario to explain the observed Lyman-alpha luminosities and Surface Brightness for the large majority of the nebulae and imply that a significant amount of dense, ionized and cold clumps should be present within and around the halos of massive galaxies. Spectroscopic studies suggest that, among the giant Lyman-alpha nebulae, the one associated with radio-loud AGN should have kinematics dominated by strong, ionized outflows within at least the inner 30-50 kpc. Radio-quiet nebulae instead present more quiescent kinematics compatible with stationary situation and, in some cases, suggestive of rotating structures. However, definitive evidences for accretion onto galaxies of the gas associated with the giant Lyman-alpha emission are not unambiguously detected yet. Deep surveys currently ongoing using other bright, non-resonant lines such as Hydrogen H-alpha and HeII1640 will be crucial to search for clearer signatures of cosmological gas accretion onto galaxies and AGN.Comment: Invited review to appear in Gas Accretion onto Galaxies, Astrophysics and Space Science Library, eds. A. J. Fox & R. Dave', to be published by Springe

The Thermally Reversing Window in Ternary GexPxS1-2x glasses

GexPxS1-2x glasses in the compositional range 0.05 < x < 0.19 have been synthesized and examined in temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and Raman scattering experiments. Trends in the non-reversing enthalpy DHnr(x) near Tg show the term to almost vanish in the 0.090(5) < x < 0.135(5) range, and to increase by an order of magnitude at x < 0.09, and at x > 0.135. In analogy to previous results on chalcogenide glasses, we identify compositions at x < 0.09 to be elastically floppy, those in the 0.090 0.135 to be stressed rigid. MDSC results also show the DHnr term ages in the stressed-rigid and floppy phases but not in the intermediate phase. The intermediate phase is viewed to be a self-organized phase of a disordered network. It consists of at least four isostatically rigid local structures; corner-sharing GeS4, edge-sharing GeS2, pyramidal P(S1/2)3 and quasi-tetrahedral S=P(S1/2)3 units for which evidence comes from Raman scattering. The latter method also shows existence of P4S7 and P4S10 molecules in the glasses segregated from the backbone. These aspects of structure contribute to an intermediate phase that is significantly narrower in width than in corresponding selenide glasses.Comment: 1 PDF file has text, 9 figures and 3 table

Terrestrial biosphere changes over the last 120 kyr

A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models and the BIOME4 vegetation model to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Simulated biome distributions using BIOME4 driven by HadCM3 and FAMOUS at the global scale over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. Global average areas of grassland and dry shrubland, desert, and tundra biomes show large-scale increases during the Last Glacial Maximum, between ca. 64 and 74 ka BP and cool substages of Marine Isotope Stage 5, at the expense of the tropical forest, warm-temperate forest, and temperate forest biomes. These changes are reflected in BIOME4 simulations of global net primary productivity, showing good agreement between the two models. Such changes are likely to affect terrestrial carbon storage, which in turn influences the stable carbon isotopic composition of seawater as terrestrial carbon is depleted in 13C