The effect of humic acids on the natural resistance of the body of broiler chickens and the quality of their meat

ArticleThe aim of the work is to study the effectiveness of the concentration of humic acids of Reasil Humic Vet feed additive on the increase of the feed bioavailability for poultry and the probability of its negative impact on the safety and marketable characteristics of the final product. Studies were conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Agrarian University in two similar groups of broiler chickens ‘Cobb 500’, 100 heads each. Poultry feeding consisted of the same complete feed, but the drinking water for the broilers of the experimental group was enriched by humates in the amount of 0.5 ml L -1 . Based on the data obtained by daily weighing of the poultry and considering the feed intake, a positive trend of the influence of the feed additive on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion per unit of production was noted. The results of slaughter and anatomical cutting of broiler carcasses revealed that metabolic processes were more active in the body of an experimental poultry, reflected in the intensive growth of muscle tissue and fat deposition, which contributed to an increase in the yield of edible parts from carcasses by 9.9%. Studies of composition of broiler blood indicate non-toxicity of the recommended concentration of humates in the feed additive, its stimulation of non-specific resistance of the organism, contributing to the functioning of the immune system and the development of internal organs and, as a consequence, ensuring the safety of the products obtained from them

COST 296 scientific results designed for operational use

The main objective of the COST 296 Action «Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems» is the establishment/ improvement of ionospheric services by coordinating the development of specific algorithms, models, and tools capable of operating in a near-real-time mode. Key elements of these activities are contributions related to monitoring, modelling, and imaging of customer-relevant ionospheric quantities. COST stimulates, coordinates, and supports Europe’s goals of development and global cooperation by providing high quality information and knowledge of ionospheric and plasmaspheric conditions enabling high quality and reliable operation of radio systems. It also provides a platform for sharing such tools as algorithms or models, and for the joint development of advanced technologies. It takes advantage of many national and European service initiatives, for example DIAS (http://dias.space.noa.gr), SWACI (http://w3swaci.dlr.de), ESWUA (http://www.eswua.ingv.it/ingv), RWC-Warsaw (http://www.cbk.waw.pl/rwc), the COST Prompt Ionospheric Database http://www.wdc.rl.ac.uk/cgibin/ digisondes/cost_database.pl, http://www.izmiran.ru/services, and others. Existing national capabilities are taken into account to develop synergies and avoid duplication. The enhancement of environment monitoring networks and associated instrumentation yields mutual advantages for European and regional services specialized for local user needs. It structurally increases the integration of limited-area services, and generates a platform employing the same approach to each task differing mostly in input and output data. In doing so it also provides a complementary description of the environmental state within issued information, as well as providing a platform for interaction among local end users, who define what kind of information they need, for system providers, who finalize the tools necessary to obtain required information, and for local service providers, who do the actual processing of data, tailoring it to specific users’ needs. Such an initiative creates a unique opportunity for small national services to consolidate their product design so that is no longer limited to their own activity, but can serve the wider European services. The development and improvement of techniques for mitigating ionospheric effects on radio systems by the COST 296 Action prepared those services that implemented the new design techniques for the newly announced EU and ESA policy-Space Situation Awareness (SSA). COST 296 developments applied to nowcasting and forecasting services are an essential input to the Operational SSA Ionosphere

MODERN APPROACH TO MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PROSTATE TUMORS

The aim of the study was the development of a cell biosensor system based on the fact that AR activator stimuli lead to redistribution of AR from cytoplasm to the nucleus. These changes could be measured and used for the diagnostics and personalized treatment of prostate cancer patient. The stably transfected cell lines with fluorescently tagged AR were generated. For the stable cell expression the non AR expressing HeLa cell line was used. The constructs of chimeric fluorescent proteins wild type AR or mutant ART877A were used for the transfection. The changes of the CFP-AR-YFP and CFP-ART877A-YFP proteins in the nucleus of HeLa cells under different concentrations steroids treatment was investigated. Moreover, the quantity of activated receptor in the nucleus was carried

Tissue-specific effects of benzo[a]pyrene and DDT on microRNA expression profile in female rats

Many xenobiotics in the human environment, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), may act as non-genotoxic carcinogens through epigenetic mechanisms, including changes in microRNA expression profile. In part, such disorders can be mediated by the activation of nuclear receptors, resulting in the activation of protein coding gene expression and microRNAs involved in malignant transformation of cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the chain of events “xenobiotic administration – receptor activation – up-regulating microRNA expression – down-regulation target genes expression” as one of the key factors in the chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Using in silico methods, an analysis of the rat genome was carried out to find microRNAs putatively regulated by AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) and CAR (constitutive androstane receptor), activated by BP and DDT, respectively. In particular, miR-3577 and -193b were selected as potentially regulated CAR, miR-207 was selected as a candidate for miR under AhR regulation. The results of the study showed that the treatment of female rats with DDT and B(a)P caused a tissue-specific changes in the expression of microRNAs and host genes in both acute and chronic administration of xenobiotics. To confirm the effects of xenobiotics on the microRNA expression, we also estimated the mRNA level of PTPN6, EIF3F, Cbx7, and Dicer1 genes potentially targeting miR-193b, -207, and -3577. The study has shown a high correlation between the expression of target genes and microRNAs; however these changes depended on the tissue types, the dose and time after xenobiotic treatment

Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in mice is inhibited by activated metabolites of ortho- aminoazotoluene

Aminoazo dyes and other hepatocarcinogenic substances inhibit glucocorticoid-mediated induction of adaptive enzymes, including tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), in mouse and rat liver. There is a specific relationship between the effect of a carcinogen on TAT induction and its liver carcinogenicity in animals. Presuming tumor development being initiated not directly by the chemicals employed but their metabolically activated derivatives, the question arises whether TAT induction is inhibited by carcinogen metabolites or by their parent compounds. The goal of this paper is to shed some light on the issue. Mouse strains differing in the sensitivity to both carcinogenic and antiglucocorticoid (TAT induction inhibitory) effects of the mouse-specific carcinogen ortho- aminoazotoluene (OAT) underwent a set of experimental procedures: ablation of gonadal and adrenal glands, administration of inhibitors (CoCl2, pentachlorophenol), inducers (3,4- benzopyrene, Aroclor 1254, 20-methylcholanthrene) of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities, and others. The results unequivocally confirm that glucocorticoid induction of TAT activity in mouse liver is inhibited by activated metabolite(s) of OAT rather than by its intact molecules. In contrast, nonspecific genotoxic agents such as cyclophosphamide and cisplatin exert no effect on TAT induction by glucocorticoids. The wide occurrence (practically in each TAT-expressing  hepatocyte) and rapidly reversible inhibition of enzyme induction by the carcinogen point to the epigenetic nature of this phenomenon

Near Earth space plasma monitoring under COST 296

This review paper presents the main achievements of the near Earth space plasma monitoring under COST 296 Action. The outputs of the COST 296 community making data, historical and real-time, standardized and available to the ionospheric community for their research, applications and modeling purposes are presented. The contribution of COST 296 with the added value of the validated data made possible a trusted ionospheric monitoring for research and modeling purposes, and it served for testing and improving the algorithms producing real-time data and providing data users measurement uncertainties. These value added data also served for calibration and validation of space-borne sensors. New techniques and parameters have been developed for monitoring the near Earth space plasma, as time dependent 2D maps of vertical total electron content (vTEC), other key ionospheric parameters and activity indices for distinguishing disturbed ionospheric conditions, as well as a technique for improving the discrepancies of different mapping services. The dissemination of the above products has been developed by COST 296 participants throughout the websites making them available on-line for real-time applications

Ionospheric Modelling using GPS to Calibrate the MWA. II : Regional ionospheric modelling using GPS and GLONASS to estimate ionospheric gradients

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA), after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. The version of record is available on line at https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2016.22 COPYRIGHT: © Astronomical Society of Australia 2016.We estimate spatial gradients in the ionosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS (Russian global navigation system) observations, utilising data from multiple GPS stations in the vicinity of Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). In previous work the ionosphere was characterised using a single-station to model the ionosphere as a single layer of fixed height and this was compared with ionospheric data derived from radio astronomy observations obtained from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). Having made improvements to our data quality (via cycle slip detection and repair) and incorporating data from the GLONASS system, we now present a multi-station approach. These two developments significantly improve our modelling of the ionosphere. We also explore the effects of a variable-height model. We conclude that modelling the small-scale features in the ionosphere that have been observed with the MWA will require a much denser network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations than is currently available at the MRO.Peer reviewe

MicroRNA level in patients with stable coronary artery disease with borderline coronary artery stenosis

Aim. To assess the level of microRNA (miR) -21, -22, -126, -221 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with borderline coronary artery stenosis depending on comorbidities and sex.Material and methods. We examined 37 patients with class 1-3 stable CAD aged 49-59 years with borderline (40-70%) coronary artery stenosis. The relative level of miRNA was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test. P<0,05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The miR-221 level was higher in the group of patients with stable CAD with borderline coronary artery stenosis with a metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype, but without diabetes (p=0,042). The level of miR-22 and miR-126 was higher in the group of patients with stable CAD phenotype with borderline stenosis and diabetes (p=0,007 and p=0,034, respectively). The analysis of miR levels in stable CAD patients depending on sex, without taking into account the phenotype, found that miR-21 and miR-221 values were higher in men (p=0,021 and p=0,014, respectively). The study of the sex characteristics of miR content in relation to different phenotypes revealed an increase of miR22 levels in men with MUO and diabetes (p=0,048) and an increase of miR-126 levels in women with concomitant diabetes in the comparison both with patients without MUO and diabetes (p=0,018), as well as with MUO and without diabetes (p=0,007). Conclusion. The study of the miRNA level in patients with CAD with borderline coronary artery stenosis is of great interest and reflects a promising direction in diagnosis based on comorbid pathology. Keywords: miRNA, obesity phenotypes, coronary artery disease, borderline coronary artery stenosis. Relationships and Activities: none. 1Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk; 2Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk; 3E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia.><0,05 were considered statistically significant.Results. The miR-221 level was higher in the group of patients with stable CAD with borderline coronary artery stenosis with a metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype, but without diabetes (p=0,042). The level of miR-22 and miR-126 was higher in the group of patients with stable CAD phenotype with borderline stenosis and diabetes (p=0,007 and p=0,034, respectively). The analysis of miR levels in stable CAD patients depending on sex, without taking into account the phenotype, found that miR-21 and miR-221 values were higher in men (p=0,021 and p=0,014, respectively). The study of the sex characteristics of miR content in relation to different phenotypes revealed an increase of miR22 levels in men with MUO and diabetes (p=0,048) and an increase of miR-126 levels in women with concomitant diabetes in the comparison both with patients without MUO and diabetes (p=0,018), as well as with MUO and without diabetes (p=0,007).Conclusion. The study of the miRNA level in patients with CAD with borderline coronary artery stenosis is of great interest and reflects a promising direction in diagnosis based on comorbid pathology

Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats

Early postnatal proinflammatory stress provokes behavioral impairments in adulthood; however, underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in neuroplastic changes in health as well as at pathology. The BDNF gene is transcribed to exon-specific mRNAs and the pattern of their expression depends on stimulus. We suggest that disturbances of exonspecific BDNF mRNA expression in the brain regions after stress induced by proinflammatory stimuli in early postnatal period could be one of the underlying mechanisms of consequent behavioral impairments. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of proinflammatory stress in early postnatal ontogeny on the expression of BDNF and the patterns of expression of the BDNF gene in the neocortex and hippocampus of prepubertal male rats. The proinflammatory stress was induced by subcutaneous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rat pups on postnatal days 3 and 5, while BDNF expression was analyzed in 36-day-old rats. BDNF polypeptide concentration was estimated by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by reverse transcription was used to detect exon-specific BDNF mRNA expression. The levels of BDNF and transcripts, containing common exon IX were similar in the control and LPS-treated rats. In the rats treated with LPS, the level of BDNF mRNA, containing exon IV, was lower in the neocortex, but not in the hippocampus. No changes in the expression of the transcripts containing exons I and VI were observed in any brain structure studied. We suggest that specific alterations in BDNF expression may be involved in the susceptibility to the development of behavioral impairments of animals subjected to early proinflammatory stress