WEATHERING STAGE CONTROL OF TUFF AND ITS INFLUENCE TO THE MALINO–MANIPI LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY, SOUTH SULAWESI INDONESIA

In 2013 there has been 34 incidents of landslides which cut the roads linking between Gowa and Sinjai off. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on the stage of weathering of landslide in the study area. Methods used in this study are field survey, petrographic analysis, XRD analysis and shear strength testing of rock. Field survey results indicates that the area is dominated by tuffs that are partly volcanic breccia and lava. Petrographic analysis, showing the dominant composition of tuff with volcanic glass, bitownite, pyroxene and opaque minerals, and XRD analysis results indicate weathering tuffs that have experienced high and completely weathered contain smectite and halloysite clay types, and insitu shear strength test results indicate a strong shift to the lower tuff with high stage of weathering. Keywords: Susceptability to landslides, the stage of weathering, halloysite and smectite, shear strength, roads of Malino–Manip

Numerical Analysis to Improve Soil Strength Using Bamboo Pile

Soil reinforcement methods that is being developed recently. Considering into account the cost of relatively expensive, it is very necessary to try other alternatives that are cheaper and easily available around the construction site, for example the use of a bamboo pile as a soil reinforcement. Bamboo Atter is one kind of plant that grows abundantly in Indonesia and bamboo are very easy to obtain, and the price was relatively cheap. Bamboo does not require a long time to grow and produce great tensile strength. Tensile strength and compressive strength was higher than the bamboo wood is a material that is quite popular in the world of construction. Model testing is made of a steel drum tubes 60cm diameter with a height of 45cm ground soil. The soil very soft clay with high plasticity and swelling index. Tested by loading cell without bamboo reinforcement to know the dimensions of the ground failure at the beginning known reach 1,91mm. Pile bamboo made on actual diameter with varying heights of 10, 20 and 30cm and instilled in the soil models vertically. The results showed settlement can be reduced up to 70% on 5kN load

Palm fibers influence the compressive strength and CBR on soil cement

Soil cement is a mixture of soil with cement. The usefulness of this mixture is very meaningful to increase\ud the carrying capacity of the land. Weakness that accurs from this mix is the process by cement shrinkage and hydration.\ud This process can lead to cracks and effect the compressive strength and carrying capacity of the soil cement. With the\ud addition of fiber in this mix can reduce or even eliminate the process of shrinkage and hydration. Natural fibers as a\ud mixture of palm fibers, which can be obtained easily in the market and a lot cheaper. Tests carried out at the Laboratory\ud of Soil Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic of Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Testing the physical\ud properties and modified compaction test as a first step. The next stage is done in 3 stages: first the addition of cement\ud 10%, then the second stage of the addition of palm fibers (2,5%;5%;7,5%) and third stages 1% reduction in the amount\ud of cement in the soil-cement mixture with 5% palm fibers. Palm fibers can increase the compressive strength of soilcement\ud between 54,71%-68,38% and CBR between 1,91%-43,39%. Palm fibers 5% by weight of cement is an ideal\ud amount of soil-cement mixture

Long-term Measurements of Traffic Load Induced Settlement of Pavement Surface in Saga Airport Highway, Japan

. This study presents the long-term measurements of traffic load induced settlement of pavement surface in Saga airport highway, Japan. In addition, the subground characteristics of the deposit were discussed in associated with their typical properties such as; high sensitivity, high compressibility, and low bearing capacity. The basic features of deposit are characterized to be soft alluvial deposit with thickness 20 - 25 m with natural water contents are much higher than their corresponding liquid limits. Permeability of the salty clay layer is approximated 3 to 5 times of the Ariake clay permeability. The settlement profiles along the Saga airport highway visualized a non uniform differential settlement. Large differential settlement occurred in between the two box culverts supported by end bearing piles. A dynamic impact is considered as one factor affecting the large observed settlement in the central part of the road section between the two box culverts. The observed total settlement was around 0.5 m after 3 years open for traffic; it was mainly accumulated due to consolidation settlement of embankment highway. It can be justified that the settlement induced by traffic loading is approximately around 20% of the total settlement

Experimental Model of Suction Head on Expansive Soil Subgrade with Concrete Wall Moisture Barrier

Soil expansivity generally occured caused by the presence of a clay mineral of smectite group, such as montmorillonite, illite, bentonite, etc, which could absorb so much water. The impact of losses incurred by soils ekspansivity on buildings and infrastructure primarily on lightweight structures are staggering. Technology is often applied as a solution to problems such as improvement of material characteristics, providing early treatment of constructive and structural engineering support to overcome the adverse effects of expansive soil. Erecting concrete moisture barrier on the side of the road is a combination of the provision of early treatment and support in structural engineering change control water content in the soil layer of expansive.This study aims to determine the behavior of suction, moisture barrier effects on suction head reduction, and the experimental model of suction head profile with the erecting and testing of the models tested in the laboratory.The test model was made to resemble half of the road width with a load of 30 kPa on it. On the side of the road mounted concrete wall moisture barrier with a variation of the depth of 20 cm, 35 cm and 50 cm. Observation of time and water absorption carried out on 8 observatories, also the amount of swelling through a dial that is placed above the concrete slab load. The results showed an increase in capillary water in front bulkhead for all variations of depth moisture barrier and water absorption height reduction occurred in the rear bulkhead respectively 3.25%, 21.25% and 45% for the ratio of height bulkhead and expansive soil thickness h/H = 0.44, h/H = 0.78 and h/H = 1.11. Also the reduction of swelling respectively by 4.46%, 52.69% and 82.53% for each ratio h/H above

Experimental study of pullout capacity of stard plate anchor

This study aims to investigate various types of anchors with 5, 4, and 3 plates star in which its section\ud area and equivalent diameter constant. We performed experimental test by modeling anchor with 5 mm thick and 30\ud mm width. Pull test was subjected on the anchor in the compacted soil where the anchor was placed in the various\ud depths, 300 mm, 600 mm, and 900 mm. The test results indicated that anchor plate with longer equivalent diameter\ud yield larger pull stress. The depth of anchoring is also significant factor to pullout capacity

Experimental study on embankment reinforcement using continuous sand-cement column barrier on the deposition of sandy clay

Sand Soil is one of the materials which can commonly be found in the nature. Sand Soil is also used as alternative material for reinforcement on the soil which has low bearing capacity in which that constructions such as building or embankment cannot be built above it. The sand soil may possess good characteristics such as high bearing capacity and minimum potential of settlement provided that it is dense; this can be utilized as an innovation on minimalizing soil settlement and deformation as uniform settlement. As the development of technology is progressing, particularly on the field of geotechnics, the method of soil reinforcement has been improving dramatically in the last decades. It has employed both conventional and other types of material. To investigate the efficacy of continuous soil cement column barrier to reduce the soil settlement, Finite Element Method is used. The result of this experiment in small-scale model indicates that the reinforcement using continuous soil cement column barrier is really effective to support the embankment constructed above the soil. During the loading process, the soil only experienced very small\ud deformation. Meanwhile, continuous soil cement column barrier has provided significant support to bear the vertical\ud load which is given during the experiment

INFLUENCE OF SEA WATER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS ASPHALT CONTAINING LIQUID ASBUTON

The Buton Asphalt or Asbuton is natural rock asphalt that deposited on South Buton Island in\ud southeast Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The refining process reduces the mineral content to produce\ud the liquid Asbuton. Porous asphalt is an asphalt pavement that has enough voids within to allow\ud water to pass freely through it. This paper reports on experimental investigation conducted to\ud determine the influence of sea water on the mechanical properties of porous asphalt containing\ud liquid Asbuton. The specimens were immersed in sea water up to 40 minutes at temperature of 600C.\ud Contain of liquid Asbuton was varied from 4.5% to 6.5% at 0.5% interval. After removed from sea\ud water, the raveling resistance, stability and flow of porous concrete were investigated. Porous\ud asphalt containing of 6.5% liquid Asbuton had the normal traffic load bearing capacity in sea water\ud with hot temperature of 60??C

Experimental Study of Vetiver Phytoremediation on Compost Clay with Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) Contaminant

A study was conducted to analyze the absoption and reduction capacity of cadmium and chromium metal in clay soil and clay soil plus compost artificiallly polluted with several Cd and Cr concentrations after phytoremediation process using several number of vetiver (Vetiverazizanioides) plants/ pot growing. The study testing 18 treatment combinations which were consisted of three Cr concentration (400, 6000, and 800 ppm), three number of vetiver plants (3, 6, and 9 plants/ pot), two growing media (clay and 80% clay + 20% compost). The more number of plants and the higher concentration of metals Cd, the higher capacity reduction Cd metals in the soil and the higher Cd metal absorption by vetiver plants. The higher number of vetiver plants grown the higher Cd and Cr in clay and clay plus compost media were absorbed and reduced. The levels of Cd and Cr in clay and clay plus compost media absorbed were followed by the more reduction of Cd and C