Statistics of temperature fluctuations in an electron system out of equilibrium

We study the statistics of the fluctuating electron temperature in a metallic island coupled to reservoirs via resistive contacts and driven out of equilibrium by either a temperature or voltage difference between the reservoirs. The fluctuations of temperature are well-defined provided that the energy relaxation rate inside the island exceeds the rate of energy exchange with the reservoirs. We quantify these fluctuations in the regime beyond the Gaussian approximation and elucidate their dependence on the nature of the electronic contacts.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Issues in the Design of a Pilot Concept-Based Query Interface for the Neuroinformatics Information Framework

This paper describes a pilot query interface that has been constructed to help us explore a "concept-based" approach for searching the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF). The query interface is concept-based in the sense that the search terms submitted through the interface are selected from a standardized vocabulary of terms (concepts) that are structured in the form of an ontology. The NIF contains three primary resources: the NIF Resource Registry, the NIF Document Archive, and the NIF Database Mediator. These NIF resources are very different in their nature and therefore pose challenges when designing a single interface from which searches can be automatically launched against all three resources simultaneously. The paper first discusses briefly several background issues involving the use of standardized biomedical vocabularies in biomedical information retrieval, and then presents a detailed example that illustrates how the pilot concept-based query interface operates. The paper concludes by discussing certain lessons learned in the development of the current version of the interface

Giant current fluctuations in an overheated single electron transistor

Interplay of cotunneling and single-electron tunneling in a thermally isolated single-electron transistor (SET) leads to peculiar overheating effects. In particular, there is an interesting crossover interval where the competition between cotunneling and single-electron tunneling changes to the dominance of the latter. In this interval, the current exhibits anomalous sensitivity to the effective electron temperature of the transistor island and its fluctuations. We present a detailed study of the current and temperature fluctuations at this interesting point. The methods implemented allow for a complete characterization of the distribution of the fluctuating quantities, well beyond the Gaussian approximation. We reveal and explore the parameter range where, for sufficiently small transistor islands, the current fluctuations become gigantic. In this regime, the optimal value of the current, its expectation value, and its standard deviation differ from each other by parametrically large factors. This situation is unique for transport in nanostructures and for electron transport in general. The origin of this spectacular effect is the exponential sensitivity of the current to the fluctuating effective temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Analisis Green Product Features Di The Body Shop Citimall Gorontalo

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimana penerapan green product features di The Body Shop Citimall Gorontalo, dan apa saja dampak dari penerapan Green Product Features secara Internal dan eksternal di The body Shop Citimall Gorontalo. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang menggunakan pendekatan penelitian studi kasus dan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan Snowball Sampling. Untuk menguji keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan teknik Triangulasi Sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bahwa The Body Shop Citimall Gorontalo menerapkan Green Product Features berupa Merek, packagaigng dan kualitas dengan Usaha dan upaya keras yang di laksanakan bertahun-tahun hingga saat ini terbukti berhasil di terapkan oleh perusahaan di The Body Shop Citimall Gorontalo serta dampak dari penerapan tersebut dapat di minimalisir dan di atasi oleh mereka

POLITIK PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN PASCA REFORMASI 1998 BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 48 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KEKUASAAN KEHAKIMAN

The main basis for the existence of judicial power is regulated in Article 24 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, namely "judicial power is exercised by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies under it in the general court environment, religious court environment, military court environment, state administrative court environment, and by a Constitutional Court. This choice is actually similar to what is done by 78 other countries in the world. Where, in addition to the Supreme Court (Supreme Court), independent courts are formed which are generally named the Constitutional Court (Constitutional Court). Thus, judicial power will be exercised by two courts simultaneously. The formulation of the problem in this study is which institutions are the perpetrators of judicial power in Indonesia according to Law Number 48 of 2009, and what are the politics of legal development from Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning the new Judicial Power in the reform era. This research is a normative juridical research, this emphasizes more on the conception of the rules relating to changes in judicial power in accordance with the goals and politics of legal development for the future.    Keywords: politics, legal development, judicial power

Evolution of a localized electron spin in a nuclear spin environment

Motivated by recent interest in the role of the hyperfine interaction in quantum dots we study the dynamics of a localized electron spin coupled to many nuclei. An important feature of the model is that the coupling to an individual nuclear spin depends on its position in the quantum dot. We introduce a semi-classical description of the system valid in the limit of a large number of nuclei and analyze the resulting classical dynamics. Contrary to a natural assumption, the correlation functions of electron spin with an arbitrary initial condition show no decay in time. Rather, they exhibit complicated undamped oscillations. This may be attributed to the fact that the system has many integrals of motion and is close to an integrable one. The ensemble averaged correlation functions do exhibit a slow decay (1/ln(t)) for t -> \infty.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, revtex4 styl

Lipid Deterioration in Broiler Ration Containing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with Addition of Garlic (Alium Sativum) and Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum Linn.) as Natural Antioxidant During the Storage

One disadvantage of crude palm oil (CPO) as a feedstuff is its property of rapidly being rancid, and thus could decrease quality and palatability of ration. To over come the problem, an antioxidant is needed to prevent lipid deterioration. The aim of this research was to prevent lipid deterioration in broiler ration containing CPO using garlic and cumin as antioxidants. The experimental run in a factorial arrangement according to completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications for each treatment combination. The first factors were either A1= control ration, A2= control ration + 0.2% garlic, A3= control ration + 0.4% garlic, A4= control ration + 0.6% garlic, A5= control ration + 0.02% BHT or B1= control ration, B2= control ration + 0.2% cumin, B3= control ration + 0.4% cumin, B4= control ration + 0.6% cumin, B5= control ration + 0.02% BHT. Butyl hidroksitoluena (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant. The second factors were duration of storage, i.e. P1= 0 week, P2= 2 weeks, P3= 4 weeks. Parameters observed were water content, fat content and free fatty acid content of the ration. The results of the experiment indicated that use of both antioxidant garlic and cumin decreased (P<0.05) free fatty acid content and fat content, but the former did not affect water content as the later did. The best ration was ration containing either 0.6% garlic or 0.4% cumin as an antioxidant which was indicated by a decrease in free fatty acid and lipid contents so that could slow down lipid deterioration in the ration. Use of garlic 0.6% or cumin 0.4% was better compared with the use of BHT 0.02%. Results also indicated that storage time affected (P<0.01) parameters in terms of increasing water content, free fatty acid content, and decreasing fat conten