Approaching the Intrinsic Bandgap in Suspended High-Mobility Graphene Nanoribbons

We report electrical transport measurements on a suspended ultra-low-disorder graphene nanoribbon(GNR) with nearly atomically smooth edges that reveal a high mobility exceeding 3000 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an intrinsic band gap. The experimentally derived bandgap is in quantitative agreement with the results of our electronic-structure calculations on chiral GNRs with comparable width taking into account the electron-electron interactions, indicating that the origin of the bandgap in non-armchair GNRs is partially due to the magnetic zigzag edges.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Entanglement measurement based on two-particle interference

We propose a simple and realizable method using a two-particle interferometer for the experimental measurement of pairwise entanglement, assuming some prior knowledge about the quantum state. The basic idea is that the properties of the density matrix can be revealed by the single- and two-particle interference patterns. The scheme can easily be implemented with polarized entangled photons.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

A heteroscedastic, rank-based approach for analyzing 2 x 2 independent groups designs

The ANOVA F is a widely used statistic in psychological research despite its shortcomings when the assumptions of normality and variance heterogeneity are violated. A Monte Carlo investigation compared Type I error and power rates of the ANOVA F, Alexander-Govern with trimmed means and Johnson transformation, Welch-James with trimmed means and Johnson Transformation, Welch with trimmed means, and Welch on ranked data using Johansen’s interaction procedure. Results suggest that the ANOVA F is not appropriate when assumptions of normality and variance homogeneity are violated, and that the Welch/Johansen on ranks offers the best balance of empirical Type I error control and statistical power under these conditions.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC

Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle pseudo-rapidity distribution

Utilizing the three-fireball picture within the quark combination model, we study systematically the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in both Au+Au and Cu+Cu collision systems as a function of collision centrality and energy, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 19.6, 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV, in full pseudorapidity range. We find that: (i)the contribution from leading particles to $dN_{ch}/d\eta$ distributions increases with the decrease of the collision centrality and energy respectively; (ii)the number of the leading particles is almost independent of the collision energy, but it does depend on the nucleon participants $N_{part}$; (iii)if Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at the same collision energy are selected to have the same $N_{part}$, the resulting of charged particle $dN/d\eta$ distributions are nearly identical, both in the mid-rapidity particle density and the width of the distribution. This is true for both 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV data. (iv)the limiting fragmentation phenomenon is reproduced. (iiv) we predict the total multiplicity and pseudorapidity distribution for the charged particles in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 5.5$ TeV. Finally, we give a qualitative analysis of the $N_{ch}/$ and $dN_{ch}/d\eta/|_{\eta\approx0}$ as function of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and $N_{part}$ from RHIC to LHC.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

Assessing the genetic diversity of cultivars and wild soybeans using SSR markers

Increasing the diversity of the soybean germplasm base could introduce new genes affecting agronomic traits. In this study, we demonstrated the differences of genetic diversity level among 40 soybean accessions of cultivars, landraces and wild soybeans collected in the Shanxi Agricultural University using 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. The structure based on model result showed that the cultivars, landraces and wild soybeans could be divided into three groups. Comparison of three types of soybeans showed that wild soybeans and landraces showed higher genetic diversity level than cultivars. The average genetic diversity index of wild soybeans and landraces was 1.5421 and 1.2864, while that of cultivars was 1.0981. A total number of alleles in wild soybeans were 224, while those in cultivars and landraces were 182 and 148, respectively, which were 81.25 and 66.07% of wild soybeans. The higher genetic distance (0.6414) and genetic differentiation (0.1200) and the lower genetic identity (0.5265) and gene flow (1.8338) between wild soybeans and cultivars were found. The proportion of low frequency alleles (allele frequency < 0.15) was the highest in wild soybeans (57.5%), followed by landraces (42%) and cultivars (29.8%). The UPGMA results also showed that wide soybean were of more abundant genetic diversity than cultivars. These results indicated that wild soybeans and landraces possessed greater allelic diversity than cultivars and might contain alleles not present in the cultivars which can strengthen further conservation and utilization.Key words: Soybean, simple sequence repeat, genetic diversity

FRUIT: Faithfully Reflecting Updated Information in Text

Textual knowledge bases such as Wikipedia require considerable effort to keep up to date and consistent. While automated writing assistants could potentially ease this burden, the problem of suggesting edits grounded in external knowledge has been under-explored. In this paper, we introduce the novel generation task of *faithfully reflecting updated information in text* (FRUIT) where the goal is to update an existing article given new evidence. We release the FRUIT-WIKI dataset, a collection of over 170K distantly supervised data produced from pairs of Wikipedia snapshots, along with our data generation pipeline and a gold evaluation set of 914 instances whose edits are guaranteed to be supported by the evidence. We provide benchmark results for popular generation systems as well as EDIT5 -- a T5-based approach tailored to editing we introduce that establishes the state of the art. Our analysis shows that developing models that can update articles faithfully requires new capabilities for neural generation models, and opens doors to many new applications.Comment: v2.0, NAACL 202

A Multi-Phase Transport Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

We describe in detail how the different components of a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model, that uses the Heavy Ion Jet Interaction Generator (HIJING) for generating the initial conditions, Zhang's Parton Cascade (ZPC) for modeling partonic scatterings, the Lund string fragmentation model or a quark coalescence model for hadronization, and A Relativistic Transport (ART) model for treating hadronic scatterings, are improved and combined to give a coherent description of the dynamics of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We also explain the way parameters in the model are determined, and discuss the sensitivity of predicted results to physical input in the model. Comparisons of these results to experimental data, mainly from heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), are then made in order to extract information on the properties of the hot dense matter formed in these collisions.Comment: 33 pages, 38 figures, revtex. Added 9 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. C. The full source code of the AMPT model in the Fortran 77 language and instructions for users are available from the EPAPS ftp site (ftp://ftp.aip.org/epaps/phys_rev_c/E-PRVCAN-72-781512/) and the OSCAR website (http://www-cunuke.phys.columbia.edu/OSCAR/

IsaB Inhibits Autophagic Flux to Promote Host Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen that is widespread in both health-care facilities and in the community at large, as a result of direct host-to-host transmission. Several virulence factors are associated with pathogen transmission to naive hosts. Immunodominant surface antigen B (IsaB) is a virulence factor that helps Staphylococcus aureus to evade the host defense system. However, the mechanism of IsaB on host transmissibility remains unclear. We found that IsaB expression was elevated in transmissible MRSA. Wild-type isaB strains inhibited autophagic flux to promote bacterial survival and elicit inflammation in THP-1 cells and mouse skin. MRSA isolates with increased IsaB expression showed decreased autophagic flux, and the MRSA isolate with the lowest IsaB expression showed increased autophagic flux. In addition, recombinant IsaB rescued the virulence of the isaB deletion strain and increased the group A streptococcus (GAS) virulence in vivo. Together, these results reveal that IsaB diminishes autophagic flux, thereby allowing MRSA to evade host degradation. These findings suggest that IsaB is a suitable target for preventing or treating MRSA infection