The Ethnic 'Other' in Ukrainian History Textbooks: The Case of Russia and the Russians

This paper examines portrayals of Russia and the Russians in two generations of Ukrainian history textbooks. It observes that the textbooks are highly condemning of Ukraine's main ethnic other in the guise of foreign ruler: the tsarist authorities and the Soviet regime are always attributed dubious and malicious intentions even if there is appreciation for some of their policies. By contrast, the books, certainly those of the second generation, refrain from presenting highly biased accounts of the ethnic other as a national group (i.e. Russians). Instances where negative judgements do fall onto Russians are counterbalanced by excerpts criticizing ethnic Ukrainians or highlighting conflicting interests within the Ukrainian ethnic group. The negative appraisal of the ethnic other as foreign ruler is clearly instrumental for the nation-building project as it sustains a discourse legitimating the existence of Ukraine as independent state. However, recent trends in history education, the paper concludes, suggest that the importance of nurturing patriotism as a national policy objective is diminishing

Clinical Improvement of Active Tuberculosis Patients with Complex Treatment and Nutritional Supplementation

Abstract: Global incidence of tuberculosis, especially multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis, has been increasing, despite development and use of various antimicrobial drugs for decades, leading to 2 million deaths a year. We evaluated the effect of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct to standard treatment of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, on clinical improvement and frequency of adverse events on 120 patients aged 20 to 65 years diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the Kiev Department of Phthisiatry. All participants (Test group) were prescribed standard medication supplemented with vitamin/essential nutrients. A Control group (n=100) of patients recently treated with standard medication alone at this facility were selected by matching to Test patients by stage of disease, confounding conditions, gender, and alcohol consumption. Standard clinical and diagnostic methods were applied to determine baseline values and at the termination of the study. After a two-month period of intensive chemotherapy, cavity healing (primary measure) occurred in 98% of the Test Group, but only in 69% of the Control Group. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelson sputum test was negative in 100% of the Test group, but only in 88% of the Control group. Resolution of respiratory compromise was higher in the Test group (87%) than in the Control group (78%). Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin/essential nutrients resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of adverse events from chemotherapy; only 11% in the Test group experienced adverse events while 46% did so in the Control group. In conclusion, clinical efficacy of chemotherapy was enhanced significantly with adjunctive use of nutrient supplementation. In addition, micronutrient supplementation decreased the frequency and severity of adverse effects from chemotherapy

DAMPAK WISATAWAN ASING TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT (STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KEC. LHOKNGA KAB. ACEH BESAR)

ABSTRAKBerkembangnya pariwisata di tengah masyarakat membawa pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial budaya. Pariwisata selalu mempertemukan dua atau lebih kebudayaan yang akan menghasilkan berbagai proses perubahan seperti akulturasi, dominasi, asimilasi, adopsi, adaptasi dan sebagainya. Wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung ke Lhoknga telah membawa pengaruh terhadap masyarakat lokal di daerah sekitar objek wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dan mengetahui bentuk perubahan sosial budaya yang terjadi pada masyarakat Lhoknga akibat perkembangan pariwisata di Mukim Lhoknga. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perubahan sosial budaya pada masyarakat lokal di Mukim Lhoknga, Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Namun perubahan yang dimaksud masih dikategorikan perubahan secara mikro, karena tidak membawa pengaruh yang mendalam pada kehidupan masyarakat lokal. Dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dapat dipilah menjadi dua yaitu dampak positif dan dampak negatif. Dampak positifnya yaitu dengan adanya pariwisata telah membuka lapangan kerja baru bagi masyarakat lokal yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi, mampu menguasai bahasa asing, seperti bahasa Inggris, Jepang. Terbukanya akses bagi masyarakat lokal ke jaringan yang lebih luas, memperlihatkan keindahan alam dan budaya yang tak lepas dari rasa untuk meningkatkan persaudaraan dalam lingkungan nasional dan internasional Sedangkan dampak negatif yaitu, lunturnya budaya lokal (tradisional) akibat masuknya budaya luar (modern). Adapun bentuk-bentuk perubahan dapat dilihat dari dua segi yaitu perubahan segi sosial dan perubahan dari segi budaya. Bentuk perubahan dari segi sosial yaitu terjadinya perubahan struktur sosial masyarakat lokal dengan beralihnya sektor pekerjaan dari petani atau nelayan ke sektor industri, Meningkatnya keinginan untuk berpendidikan tinggi, sedangkan perubahan dari segi budaya yaitu terjadinya perkawinan dari dua unsur budaya yang berbeda, perubahan pada penggunaan bahasa, perubahan cara berpakaian dan perubahan perilaku dalam keluarga.Kata Kunci : Pariwisata, Wisatawan Asing, Perubahan Sosial, Perubahan Budaya.Banda Ace

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ МЕЖДУ КИСЛОРОДНОЙ НЕСТЕХИОМЕТРИЕЙ И СВЕРХСТРУКТУРНЫМ УПОРЯДОЧЕНИЕМ Fe/Mo В Sr2FeMoO6-d

Single-phase Sr2FeMoO6-d powders with various degrees of superstructural ordering of Fe/Mo cations and oxygen index d were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. With the help of X-ray phase analysis and neutron diffraction studies it has been established that the Fe-O1 and Mo-O2 values decrease with increasing oxygen content and the superstructural ordering of Fe/Mo cations increases, whereas the Fe-O2 and Mo-O1 bond lengths decrease, which leads to a decrease in the crystal lattice parameters and in the unit cell volume accordingly. This indicates an increase in the covalence of the bond along the axis (c), which stimulates the redistribution of the electron density from the (Fe/Mo-O2) layers to the (Fe/Mo-O1) layers and to an increase in the concentration of spin-polarized electrons with spins¯, which are located in the conduction band on Mo(t2g)¯ electron orbitals. When studying the dynamics of the change in oxygen non-stoichiometry and the degree of superstructural ordering it was found that the rate of desorption of oxygen is several times larger than the rate of Fe/Mo cations ordering.Однофазные порошки Sr2FeMoO6-d с различной степенью сверхструктурного упорядочения катионов Fe/Mo и кислородного индекса d были получены методом твердофазного синтеза. С помощью рентгенофазового анализа и нейтронографических исследований установлено уменьшение объема элементарной ячейки. Это свидетельствует о повышении ковалентности связи и перераспределения электронной плотности, что способствует увеличению концентрации поляризованных по спину электронов со спинами ¯, расположенных в зоне проводимости на Mo(t2g)¯ электронных орбиталях. При изучении динамики изменения кислородной нестехиометрии и степени сверхструктурного упорядочения обнаружено, что скорость десорбции кислорода в несколько раз больше, чем скорость упорядочения катионов Fe/Mo

Intelligent System for Prediction of Sensor Drift

ln this paper the features of neural networks using for improve of measurement accuracy of physical quantities by sensor drift prediction are considered. There is use a technique of data volume increasing for training of predicting neural network by using of separate approximating neural network

Mineral, chemical and isotope compositions of clay subfractions from formations of the Srednii Peninsula, Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea

Fine-grained clay subfractions (SFs) with particle size of <0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.6-2.0, and 2-5 µm separated from claystone of Upper Precambrian Pumanskaya and Poropelonskaya formations on the Srednii Peninsula were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Rb-Sr methods. All subfractions consist of low-temperature illite and chlorite, and contribution of chlorite decreases with diminishing particle size. The crystallinity index and I002/I001 ratio increase from coarse- to fine-grained SFs. Leaching by ammonium acetate solution and Rb-Sr systematics in combination with mineralogical and morphological data indicate that illite in Upper Proterozoic claystone from the Srednii Peninsula formed during three time intervals: 810-830, 610-620, and about 570 Ma ago. The first generation of this mineral with low Rb/Sr ratio dominates in coarse-grained SFs while the second and third generations with a high Rb/Sr ratio prevail in fine-grained SFs. All of three generations are known in Poropelon claystone, whereas Puman claystone contains only illite of the first and second generations. Geological processes responsible for multistage illite evolution in claystones are discussed

Interrelation between oxygen non-stoichiometry and Fe/Mo superstructural ordering in Sr₂FeMoO_6-_d

Single-phase Sr2FeMoO6-d powders with various degrees of superstructural ordering of Fe/Mo cations and oxygen index d were obtained by solid-phase synthesis. With the help of X-ray phase analysis and neutron diffraction studies it has been established that the Fe-O1 and Mo-O2 values decrease with increasing oxygen content and the superstructural ordering of Fe/Mo cations increases, whereas the Fe-O2 and Mo-O1 bond lengths decrease, which leads to a decrease in the crystal lattice parameters and in the unit cell volume accordingly. This indicates an increase in the covalence of the bond along the axis (c), which stimulates the redistribution of the electron density from the (Fe/Mo-O2) layers to the (Fe/Mo-O1) layers and to an increase in the concentration of spin-polarized electrons with spins¯, which are located in the conduction band on Mo(t2g)¯ electron orbitals. When studying the dynamics of the change in oxygen non-stoichiometry and the degree of superstructural ordering it was found that the rate of desorption of oxygen is several times larger than the rate of Fe/Mo cations ordering