7 research outputs found
Prognosis in human glioblastoma based on expression of ligand growth hormone-releasing hormone, pituitary-type growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor, its splicing variant receptors, EGF receptor and PTEN genes
Purpose G lioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent brain
tumor. Despite recent improvement in therapeutic strategies,
the prognosis of GB remains poor. Growth hormone-releasing
hormone (GHRH) may act as a growth factor; antagonists
of GHRH have been successfully applied for experimental
treatment of different types of tumors. The expression profile
of GHRH receptor, its main splice variant SV1 and GHRH
have not been investigated in human GB tissue samples.
Methods We examined the expression of GHRH, fulllength
pituitary-type GHRH receptor (pGHRHR), its functional
splice variant SV1 and non-functional SV2 by RTPCR
in 23 human GB specimens. Epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR) and phosphatase and tensin homolog gene
(PTEN) expression levels were also evaluated by quantitative
RT-PCR. Correlations between clinico-pathological
parameters and gene expressions were analyzed.
Results E xpression of GHRH was found to be positive
in 61.9 % of samples. pGHRH receptor was not expressed
in our sample set, while SV1 could be detected in 17.4 %
and SV2 in 8.6 % of the GB tissues. In 65.2 and 78.3 %
of samples, significant EGFR over-expression or PTEN
under-representation could be detected, respectively. In
47.8 % of cases, EGFR up-regulation and PTEN down-regulation
occurred together. Survival was significantly poorer
in tumors lacking GHRH expression. This worse prognosis
in GHRH negative group remained significant even if SV1
was also expressed.
Conclusion Our study shows that GHRH and SV1 genes
expressed in human GB samples and their expression patterns
are associated with poorer prognosis
Dosimetric comparison of inverse optimisation methods versus forward optimisation in HDR brachytherapy of breast, cervical and prostate cancer
Prognosis in human glioblastoma based on expression of ligand growth hormone-releasing hormone, pituitary-type growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor, its splicing variant receptors, EGF receptor and PTEN genes
Breast carcinoma subtypes show different patterns of metastatic behavior
The aim of our retrospective study was to analyze patterns of subtype specific metastatic spread and to identify the time course of distant metastases. A consecutive series of 490 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery and postoperative treatment at Semmelweis University, Hungary, and diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2007 was identified from the archives of the 2nd Department of Pathology, Hungary. Molecular subtypes were defined based on the 2011 St. Gallen recommendations. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) was defined as the time elapsed between the first pathological diagnosis of the tumor and the first distant metastasis detection. Distant metastases were detected in 124 patients. Mean time to develop metastasis was 29 months (range 0-127 months). The longest DMFS was observed in the Luminal A (LUMA) subtype (mean 39 months) whereas the shortest was seen in the HER2-positive (HER2+) subtype (mean 21 months; p = 0.012). We confirmed that HER2+ tumors carry a higher risk for distant metastases (42.1%). LUMA-associated metastases were found to be solitary in 59% of cases, whereas HER2+ tumors showed multiple metastases in 79.2% of cases. LUMA tumors showed a preference for bone-only metastasis as compared with HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases, which exhibited a higher rate of brain metastasis. The most frequent second metastatic sites of hormone receptor (HR) positive tumors were the lung and liver, whereas the brain was the most affected organ in HR-negative (HR-) cases. Tumor subtypes differ in DMFS and in pattern of distant metastases. HER2+ tumors featured the most aggressive clinical course. Further identification of subtype-specific factors influencing prognosis might have an impact on clinical care and decision-making