52,631 research outputs found
Precision era of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect: simulations, analytical models and observations and the power to constrain reionization
The kinetic SZ effect, which is the dominant CMB source at arc-minute scales
and Ghz, probes the ionized gas peculiar momentum up to the
epoch of reionization and is a sensitive measure of the reionization history.
We ran high resolution self-similar and CDM hydro simulations and
built an analytical model to study this effect. Our model reproduces the
CDM simulation results to several percent accuracy, passes various
tests against self-similar simulations, and shows a wider range of
applicability than previous analytical models. Our model in its continuous
version is free of simulation limitations such as finite simulation box and
finite resolution and allows an accurate prediction of the kinetic SZ power
spectrum . For the WMAP cosmology, we find for the reionization redshift and
. The corresponding temperature fluctuation is several K at
these ranges. The dependence of on the reionization history allows an
accurate measurement of the reionization epoch. For the Atacama cosmology
telescope experiment, can be measured with accuracy.
scales as . Given cosmological parameters,
ACT would be able to constrain with several percent accuracy.
Some multi-reionization scenarios degenerate in the primary CMB temperature and
TE measurement can be distinguished with confidence.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. We corrected the primary CMB
power spectrum we used. We added discussions about the effects of lensing and
relativistic SZ correctio. We withdraw a claim about the patchy reionizatio
Perfect imaging: they don't do it with mirrors
Imaging with a spherical mirror in empty space is compared with the case when
the mirror is filled with the medium of Maxwell's fish eye. Exact
time-dependent solutions of Maxwell's equations show that perfect imaging is
not achievable with an electrical ideal mirror on its own, but with Maxwell's
fish eye in the regime when it implements a curved geometry for full
electromagnetic waves
Reconstructing the potentials for the quintessence and tachyon dark energy, from the holographic principle
We propose an holographic quintessence and tachyon models of dark energy. The
correspondence between the quintessence and tachyon energy densities with the
holographic density, allows the reconstruction of the potentials and the
dynamics for the quintessence and tachyon fields, in flat FRW background. The
proposed infrared cut-off for the holographic energy density works for two
cases of the constant : for we reconstructed the holographic
quintessence model in the region before the crossing for the EoS
parameter. The cosmological dynamics for was also reconstructed for
the holographic quintessence and tachyon models.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, 2 table
Effect of the CO2 enhancement on the performance of a micro gas turbine with a pilot-scale CO2 capture plant
Gas turbines are a viable and secure option both economically and environmentally for combined heat and power generation. Process modelling of a micro gas turbine for CO2 injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is performed. Further, this study is extended to assess the effect of the CO2 injection on the pilot-scale CO2 capture plant integrated with a micro gas turbine. In addition, the impact of the EGR on the thermodynamic properties of the fluid at different locations of the micro gas turbine is also evaluated. The micro gas turbine and CO2 injection models are validated against the set of experimental data and the performance analysis of the EGR cycle results in CO2 enhancement to 5.04 mol% and 3.5 mol%, respectively. The increased CO2 concentration in the flue gas, results in the specific reboiler duty decrease by 20.5 % for pilot-scale CO2 capture plant at 90 % CO2 capture rate for 30 wt. % MEA aqueous solution. The process system analysis for the validated models results in a much better comprehension of the impact of the CO2 enhancement on the process behaviour
Distribution of particles and bubbles in turbulence at small Stokes number
The inertia of particles driven by the turbulent flow of the surrounding
fluid makes them prefer certain regions of the flow. The heavy particles lag
behind the flow and tend to accumulate in the regions with less vorticity,
while the light particles do the opposite. As a result of the long-time
evolution, the particles distribute over a multi-fractal attractor in space. We
consider this distribution using our recent results on the steady states of
chaotic dynamics. We describe the preferential concentration analytically and
derive the correlation functions of density and the fractal dimensions of the
attractor. The results are obtained for real turbulence and are testable
experimentally.Comment: 4 page
Techno-economic process design of a commercial-scale amine-based CO2 capture system for natural gas combined cycle power plant with exhaust gas recirculation
Post-combustion CO2 capture systems are gaining more importance as a means of reducing escalating greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, for natural gas-fired power generation systems, exhaust gas recirculation is a method of enhancing the CO2 concentration in the lean flue gas. The present study reports the design and scale-up of four different cases of an amine-based CO2 capture system at 90% capture rate with 30 wt.% aqueous solution of MEA. The design results are reported for a natural gas-fired combined cycle system with a gross power output of 650 MWe without EGR and with EGR at 20%, 35% and 50% EGR percentage. A combined process and economic analysis is implemented to identify the optimum designs for the different amine-based CO2 capture plants. For an amine-based CO2 capture plant with a natural gas-fired combined cycle without EGR, an optimum liquid to gas ratio of 0.96 is estimated. Incorporating EGR at 20%, 35% and 50%, results in optimum liquid to gas ratios of 1.22, 1.46 and 1.90, respectively. These results suggest that a natural gas-fired power plant with exhaust gas recirculation will result in lower penalties in terms of the energy consumption and costs incurred on the amine-based CO2 capture plant
Crossover critical behavior of Ga1-xMnxAs
The critical behavior of Ga1-xMnxAs in a close vicinity of the Curie
temperature was experimentally studied by using the thermal diffusivity
measurements. Taking into account that the inverse of the thermal diffusivity
has the same critical behavior as the specific heat, the critical exponent
{\alpha} for the samples investigated has been determined. With approaching
close to the critical temperature, the crossover from the mean-field-like to
the Ising-like critical behavior has been observed. From the crossover behavior
the values of the Ginzburg number and the exchange interaction length in
Ga1-xMnxAs with different concentrations of Mn were determined.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Measuring Global Similarity between Texts
We propose a new similarity measure between texts which, contrary to the
current state-of-the-art approaches, takes a global view of the texts to be
compared. We have implemented a tool to compute our textual distance and
conducted experiments on several corpuses of texts. The experiments show that
our methods can reliably identify different global types of texts.Comment: Submitted to SLSP 201
Absolute instruments and perfect imaging in geometrical optics
We investigate imaging by spherically symmetric absolute instruments that
provide perfect imaging in the sense of geometrical optics. We derive a number
of properties of such devices, present a general method for designing them and
use this method to propose several new absolute instruments, in particular a
lens providing a stigmatic image of an optically homogeneous region and having
a moderate refractive index range.Comment: 20 pages, 9 image
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