Asymptotic symmetries at null-infinity for the Rarita–Schwinger field with magnetic term

Funder: Cambridge Trust; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003343Funder: King’s College Cambridge, University of Cambridge; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000648Abstract In this paper we study the magnetic charges of the free massless Rarita–Schwinger field in four dimensional asymptotically flat space-time. This is the first step towards extending the study of the dual BMS charges to supergravity. The magnetic charges appear due to the addition of a boundary term in the action. This term is similar to the theta term in Yang–Mills theory. At null-infinity an infinite dimensional algebra is discovered, both for the electric and magnetic charge.</jats:p

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In this article the different concepts of innovation, given the interpretation of the definitions provided in the scientific literature. The authors conducted and presents an analysis of innovative development of the enterprise, determines the methods of evaluation of innovative development; disclosed is a phased process innovation in industrial enterprise, highlighted the necessary steps for successful innovation in the enterprise. Are the milieu and the development of innovation, the conditions of formation of the system of innovation in enterprises, as well as diagnostic and detailed methods of estimation of innovative potential of the enterprise, the totality of the various resources, the competitiveness of the enterprise itself

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In this article the different concepts of innovation, given the interpretation of the definitions provided in the scientific literature. The authors conducted and presents an analysis of innovative development of the enterprise, determines the methods of evaluation of innovative development; disclosed is a phased process innovation in industrial enterprise, highlighted the necessary steps for successful innovation in the enterprise. Are the milieu and the development of innovation, the conditions of formation of the system of innovation in enterprises, as well as diagnostic and detailed methods of estimation of innovative potential of the enterprise, the totality of the various resources, the competitiveness of the enterprise itself

Acute stress alters neural patterns of value representation for others

Acute stress is often evoked during social interactions, by feelings of threat or negative evaluation by other people. We also constantly interact with others while under stress – in the workplace or in private alike. However, it is not clear how stress affects social interactions. For one, individuals could become more selfish and focused on their own goals. On the other hand, individuals might also become more focused on affiliating with potential social partners, in order to secure their support. There is, indeed, accumulating behavioral evidence that prosocial behaviors increase rather than decrease under stress. Here, we tested the underlying brain processes of such findings, by assessing the effects of stress on the neural representations of (monetary) value for self and other. Participants (N ​= ​30; male, 18–40 years) played a gambling task for themselves and for another participant while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Each participant played the gambling task twice: once immediately following acute stress induction, and once in a control session. We compared neural patterns of value representation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and striatum using representational similarity analysis (RSA). We found that under stress, dmPFC and striatum showed higher dissimilarity between neural patterns underlying high and low value for the other. Dissimilarity of neural patterns underlying high and low value for the self was unaffected by stress. These findings suggest that participants track the magnitude of possible rewards for others more under stress, suggesting increased prosocial orientation

Pattern electroretinography as an objective method for study the visual analyzer function in patients with diabetes mellitus with initial diabetic retinopathy

Цел: Целта на нашето проучване е да се изследва обективно функцията на зрителния анализатор чрез патерна електроретинография (ПЕРГ) при пациенти със захарен диабет (ЗД) с начална диабетна ретинопатия (ДР) и получените резултати да се сравнят с контролната група, както и според типа на диабета.Материал и методика: Изследвана е група от 81 човека (162 очи), от които 47 здрави лица (контроли) - 94 очи. Пациентите със ЗД са 34 (68 очи), от които със ЗД тип 1 са 11 лица и 23 са с тип 2 ЗД. Извършена е ПЕРГ. Основните показатели, които са отчетени при анализа на резултатите са латентни времена и амплитуди, отразяващи се на конфиrурацията на вълновите форми.Резултати: При сравнителния анализ на стойностите на компонентите на ПЕРГ с контролната група, както и според типа ЗД, се установиха значителни различия. При сравнителния анализ на стойностите на компонентите на ПЕРГ между пациенти със ЗД с ДР и контроли се установи, че двете групи статистически се различават по амплитудите на всички компоненти на ПЕРГ при всички отвеждания при 15o и 30o.При латентностите сигнификантни различия се установиха при компонент Р50 при всички отвеждания при 15o и 30o. Пациентите със ЗД имат сигнификантно по-удължени латентности и по-ниски амплитуди, в сравнение с контролната група. При сравнителния анализ според типа ЗД, сигнификантни различия се получиха при амплитуден компонент P50-N95 при 15o и30o при дясно око, което потвърждава асиметричното засягане на очите при ЗД. Амплитудите на ПЕРГ при ЗД тип 2 са сигнификантно по-ниски от тези на пациентите със ЗД тип 1.Заключение: ПЕРГ би могла да се използва като обективен метод за регистриране на ранни изменения във функцията на зрителния анализатор (ЗА) като усложнение на З)J,. Също така и за проследяване на промените в динамика, тъй като изследването е неинвазивно, безвредно, по-бързо, повторяемо и обективно, по-евтино в сравнение с флуоресцеиновата ангиография (ФА), оптината кохерентна томография (ОСТ) и ангио-ОСТ.Aim: The aim of the study was to examine objectively the visual analyzer function by pattern electroretinography (PERG) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with initial diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to compare the results with the control group as well as according to the type of diabetes. Material and methods: A group of 81 people (162 eyes) were studied. Patients with DM were 34 (68 eyes), 11 patients with type 1 DM and 23 with type 2 DM. The control group consisted of 47 healthy individuals (94 eyes). PERG was performed. The main variables that were considered in the results analysis were the latency and amplitudes, reflecting the configuration of the wave forms.Results: The comparative analysis of PERG components between patients with DM with DR and controls as well as according to the type of DM demonstrated significant differences. In latencies, significant differences were found for component P50 at all electrode positions at 15o and 30o. Patients with DM had significantly longer latencies and lower amplitudes compared to the control group. In the comparative analysis according to the type of DM, significant differences were found in amplitude component P50-N95 at 15o and 30o in the right eye, which confirms the asymmetrical eye involvement in DM. The PERG amplitudes in type 2 DM were significantly lower than those of type 1 DM patients.Conclusion: PERG could be used as an objective method for registration of early changes in the visual analyzer function as a DM complication. Also, to monitor the changes in dynamics as it is non-invasive, harmless, faster, and less expensive than fluorescein angiography (FA), OCT and angio-OCT

The hydrogen and helium lines of the symbiotic binary Z And during its brightening at the end of 2002

High resolution observations in the region of the lines Halpha, He II 4686 and Hgamma of the spectrum of the symbiotic binary Z And were performed during its small-amplitude brightening at the end of 2002. The profiles of the hydrogen lines were double-peaked. These profiles give a reason to suppose that the lines can be emitted mainly by an optically thin accretion disc. The Halpha line is strongly contaminated by the emission of the envelope, therefore for consideration of accretion disc properties we use the Hgamma line. The Halpha line had broad wings which are supposed to be determined mostly from radiation damping but high velocity stellar wind from the compact object in the system can also contribute to their appearance. The Hgamma line had a broad emission component which is assumed to be emitted mainly from the inner part of the accretion disc. The line He II 4686 had a broad emission component too, but it is supposed to appear in a region of a high velocity stellar wind. The outer radius of the accretion disc can be calculated from the shift between the peaks. Assuming, that the orbit inclination can ranges from 47$^\circ$ to 76$^\circ$, we estimate the outer radius as 20 - 50 R_sun. The behaviour of the observed lines can be considered in the framework of the model proposed for interpretation of the line spectrum during the major 2000 - 2002 brightening of this binary.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Report

A Study of an Outburst in the Classical Symbiotic Star Z And in a Colliding-Wind Model

Two-dimensional gas-dynamical modeling of the mass-flow structure is used to study the outburst development in the classical symbiotic star Z And. The stage-by-stage rise of the light during the outburst can be explained in the framework of the colliding winds model. We suggest a scenario for the development of the outburst and study the possible influence of the changes of the flow structure on the light of the system. The model variations of the luminosity due to the formation of a system of shocks are in good agreement with the observed light variations

Toward visualization of nanomachines in their native cellular environment

The cellular nanocosm is made up of numerous types of macromolecular complexes or biological nanomachines. These form functional modules that are organized into complex subcellular networks. Information on the ultra-structure of these nanomachines has mainly been obtained by analyzing isolated structures, using imaging techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or single particle electron microscopy (EM). Yet there is a strong need to image biological complexes in a native state and within a cellular environment, in order to gain a better understanding of their functions. Emerging methods in EM are now making this goal reachable. Cryo-electron tomography bypasses the need for conventional fixatives, dehydration and stains, so that a close-to-native environment is retained. As this technique is approaching macromolecular resolution, it is possible to create maps of individual macromolecular complexes. X-ray and NMR data can be ‘docked’ or fitted into the lower resolution particle density maps to create a macromolecular atlas of the cell under normal and pathological conditions. The majority of cells, however, are too thick to be imaged in an intact state and therefore methods such as ‘high pressure freezing’ with ‘freeze-substitution followed by room temperature plastic sectioning’ or ‘cryo-sectioning of unperturbed vitreous fully hydrated samples’ have been introduced for electron tomography. Here, we review methodological considerations for visualizing nanomachines in a close-to-physiological, cellular context. EM is in a renaissance, and further innovations and training in this field should be fully supported

Contemporaneous Observations of Direct and Raman Scattered O VI in Symbiotic Stars

Symbiotic stars are binary systems consisting of a hot star, typically a white dwarf, and a cool giant companion. The wind from the cool star is ionized by the radiation from the hot star, resulting in the characteristic combination of sharp nebular emission lines and stellar molecular absorption lines in the optical spectrum. Most of the emission lines are readily identifiable with common ions. However, two strong, broad emission lines at $\lambda\lambda$ 6825, 7082 defied identification with known atoms and ions. In 1989 Schmid made the case that these long unidentified emission lines resulted from the Raman scattering of the O VI resonance photons at $\lambda\lambda$ 1032, 1038 by neutral hydrogen. We present contemporaneous far-UV and optical observations of direct and Raman scattered O VI lines for nine symbiotic stars obtained with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (Astro-2) and various ground-based telescopes. The O VI emission lines are present in every instance in which the $\lambda\lambda$ 6825, 7082 lines are present in support of the Schmid Raman scattering model. We calculate scattering efficiencies and interpret the results in terms of the Raman models. Additionally, we measure the flux of the Fe II fluorescence line at $\lambda$1776, which is excited by the O VI line at $\lambda$1032, and calculate the first estimates of the conversion efficiencies of this process.Comment: 48 pages, 5 figure