Classification of homogeneous regions of vegetation cover in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and its temporal dynamics, using AVHRR GIMMS and MODIS data sets

This study aimed to classify the homogeneous regions of vegetation cover, which occur in Rio Grande do Sul, formed by clustering of pixels with same pattern of temporal variability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of AVHRR GIMMS and MODIS series and to compare their temporal dynamics. We use K means cluster analysis for defi ning homogeneous regions, based on the temporal variability of GIMMS (8 km spatial resolution) and MODIS (1 km spatial resolution) NDVI data sets, using monthly images mean from 2000 to 2008 (overlapping period); and we analyzed the annual pattern of NDVI. Accuracy assessment was done with Landsat images. The results show that the temporal variability of GIMMS and MODIS NDVI allows to delimit similar homogeneous regions in order to mapping the main vegetation cover. MODIS series shows a greater detail in the defi nition of the regions, but with compatibility with those generated by GIMMS. The temporal dynamics show a typical seasonal pattern, with variations of NDVI amplitude between the groups, that allow to monitor phenological changes. The deviations from calibration between times series are linear, which would facilitate a correction in order to construct a long synthetic time series for studies of land cover change

Nível de conhecimento sobre a composição de analgésicos com ácido acetilsalicílico

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of the generic designation, use and composition of analgesic medications containing aspirin. METHODS: A total of124 interviews were carried out between December 1999 and January 2000, in two neighborhoods of the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The interview was held with the person who came to answer the door at each of the homes that was drawn. The data collection instruments comprised a set of five different pharmaceutical specialties containing acetylsalicylic acid , and an interview consisting of two open questions concerning the differences and similarities between the products. RESULTS: Three major knowledge-level groups were characterized on the basis of the information that the interviewees were able to provide. The group that was knowledgeable about the matter comprised 14 individuals (11%). The group with limited knowledge contained 61 people (49)%. Those who had no knowledge of the matter at all formed a group of 49 people (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Taking the results as a whole, they indicate that most people (about 90% of the sample investigated) are simply not aware of what the active substance is, even in pharmaceutical specialties that they use frequently.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a designação genérica, uso e composição de medicamentos analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 124 entrevistas entre dezembro de 1999 e janeiro de 2000, em dois bairros da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. As entrevistas foram respondidas pela pessoa que atendeu o entrevistador em cada um dos domicílios sorteados. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram uma cartela com cinco especialidades farmacêuticas de analgésicos contendo ácido acetilsalicílico e uma entrevista com duas perguntas abertas sobre diferenças e semelhanças entre os produtos. RESULTADOS: A partir do nível de informação demonstrado pelos entrevistados, foram caracterizados três grandes grupos de conhecimento. O grupo das pessoas que demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto foi de 14 indivíduos (11%); os que demonstraram domínio limitado foi de 61 pessoas (49%); e os que não demonstraram domínio sobre o assunto formaram um grupo de 49 pessoas (40%). CONCLUSÕES: Considerando o conjunto de resultados, verificou-se que a maioria das pessoas (cerca de 90% na amostra avaliada) simplesmente desconhece qual a substância ativa presente em uma especialidade farmacêutica de seu uso freqüente

Le developpement du football feminin au Gabon : une problematique essentiellement organisationnelle: The development of women's football in Gabon: an essentially organizational issue

Le développement du football féminin au Gabon est tributaire de plusieurs facteurs et surtout d’une organisation structurée. Le constat récent montre que l’organisation du football féminin est en grande difficulté. La présente étude a donc pour objectif d’analyser les différentes structures du football féminin, leurs fonctionnements, les stratégies adoptées par les acteurs et les actions qui ont longtemps ralenti l’essor de cette pratique sportive. Cet objectif a pris forme grâce à l’application du modèle composite des théories des organisations analysant la situation réelle d’une association sportive en vue de son développement. C’est donc une étude qualitative et quantitative de type analytique, les investigations se sont faites à travers l’analyse documentaire, l’entretien semi-directif, et l’enquête par questionnaire. Les résultats auxquels l’étude est parvenue confirment les dysfonctionnements majeurs dans l’organisation de cette activité sportive notamment, l’absence d’un programme de développement avec des objectifs précis, d’un cadre juridique et surtout de l’inexistence des composantes organisationnelles d’une structure sportive. Pour remédier à cet état de fait, la solution résiderait dans une approche stratégique, fondée sur des choix stratégiques de croissance et de développement de partenariat pour une meilleure prise en compte de tous les aspects organisationnels dans le but de promouvoir et de développer le football féminin.ABSTRACTThe development of women's football in Gabon is dependent on several factors and especially a structured organization. The recent observation shows that the organization of women's football is in great difficulty. The present study therefore aims to analyze the different structures of women's football, their operations, the strategies adopted by the actors and actions that have slowed down the growth of this sport for a long time. This objective has taken shape through the application of the composite model of theories of organizations analyzing the real situation of a sports association for its development. It is thus a qualitative and quantitative study of analytical type, the investigations were made through the documentary analysis, the semi-directive interview, and the survey by questionnaire. The results that the study has reached confirm the major dysfunctions in the organization of this sporting activity in particular, the lack of a development program with specific objectives, a legal framework and especially the absence of organizational components. a sports structure. To remedy this situation, the solution lies in a strategic approach, based on strategic choices of growth and development of partnership for a better consideration of all organizational aspects in order to promote and develop women's football

Investigação do nível de informação sobre medicamentos analgésicos

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Enquête entomologique dans le foyer historique de trypanosomose humaine africaine de Bendjé (Gabon)

La situation de la maladie du sommeil est très peu connue au Gabon. De nombreux foyers historiques n’ont pas été prospectés depuis plus de 15 ans. Le foyer historique de Bendjé fournit régulièrement quelques cas, dépistés passivement, qui concernent le plus souvent des pêcheurs dont il est a priori difficile de déterminer le lieu probable de contamination du fait de leur grande mobilité au cours de leurs activités. La présence des hommes infectés dans ce foyer historique pourrait favoriser son réveil s’il existe un contact étroit entre les différents éléments potentiellement présents du cycle épidémiologique (homme, vecteur, trypanosome). Afin de vérifier l’existence éventuelle d’un risque trypanosomien dans ce foyer, nous y avons mené une enquête entomologique. Des pièges ont été posés dans des biotopes fréquentés par l’homme et laissés en place pendant quatre jours. Trois espèces de glossines (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera newsteadi et G. caliginea) ont été capturées et deux espèces de trypanosomes (Trypanosoma vivax et T. brucei s.l.) identifiées par PCR. Ces résultats suggèrent l’existence d’un cycle de transmission animal. Le contact entre les hommes et les glossines est particulièrement étroit dans tous les types de site prospectés, à l’exception de la mangrove