84 research outputs found
Lâutilisation des rĂ©seaux sociaux (Snapchat, WhatsApp et Instagram) et le cyberbullying
100% des jeunes possĂšdent un tĂ©lĂ©phone portable, 99% ont un ordinateur et 97% ont accĂšs Ă Internet (Waller et al., 2016). Ces nouveaux moyens technologiques font partie de notre quotidien. Depuis lâapparition de ces rĂ©seaux, un nouveau mouvement est nĂ© : le cyberbullying. Ce harcĂšlement par Internet consiste Ă lâutilisation de technologies modernes de communication afin de nuire aux autres de maniĂšre dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©e et agressive. Quand les jeunes arrivent en classe, ils apportent avec eux lâentier de leur vĂ©cu quotidien, familial ou encore Ă©motionnel. Les problĂšmes liĂ©s Ă lâutilisation massive de ces rĂ©seaux font partie de notre quotidien dâenseignant. Malheureusement, les Ă©tudes faites jusquâau jour dâaujourdâhui portent en majeure partie sur les Ă©lĂšves entre 13 ans et plus. Mais quâen est-il des jeunes ĂągĂ©s entre 9 et 12 ans ? Notre travail de recherche porte donc sur lâutilisation des rĂ©seaux sociaux (Snapchat, Instagram et WhatsApp) et le cyberbullying. Deux outils diffĂ©rents ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s lors de cette recherche : des questionnaires afin dâavoir des rĂ©sultats quantitatifs et deux entretiens afin dâavoir un point de vue qualitatif. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent que WhatsApp est le rĂ©seau social le plus utilisĂ©, suivi dâInstagram en deuxiĂšme position et finalement de Snapchat. Les Ă©lĂšves considĂšrent le nombre de dangers et de conflits sur les rĂ©seaux comme trĂšs faibles. Ils avouent tout de mĂȘme donner plus dâinformations personnelles sur WhatsApp que sur les autres rĂ©seaux choisis dans lâĂ©tude. Concernant leur vision du contrĂŽle des parents, ils lâestiment trĂšs faible. Cependant, il sâagit uniquement de leur avis, il serait intĂ©ressant de savoir la rĂ©alitĂ© des faits en interrogeant les parents. Les deux sujets interrogĂ©s savent dĂ©finir le cyberbullying et connaissent les diffĂ©rents acteurs agissant au sein de cette forme de harcĂšlement. Ils sont Ă©galement conscients des diffĂ©rents risques, consĂ©quences ou sentiments que peut ressentir une cyber-victime mais nâabordent pas du tout ceux concernant le tĂ©moin ou le cyber-harceleur. En conclusion, notre recherche montre que les rĂ©seaux sociaux font partie intĂ©grante du quotidien dâun grand nombre dâĂ©lĂšves. Il est donc essentiel que les enseignants sâinterrogent sur les moyens de gĂ©rer les problĂšmes que ceux-ci peuvent amener en classe mais Ă©galement les moyens de les Ă©viter
Investigating the Structure and Meaning of Public Service Motivation across Populations: Developing an International Instrument and Addressing Issues of Measurement Invariance
The growth in international research on public service motivation (PSM) raises a number of important questions about the degree to which the theory and research developed in one country can contribute to our understanding of PSM in other counties. To help address this issue, this study revisits the conceptual and operational definitions of PSM to address weaknesses previously noted in the literature. Although some important steps have been taken to both improve and internationalize the PSM scale, this work has been done incrementally. In contrast, this study takes a more systematic and comprehensive approach by combining the efforts of international PSM scholars to develop and then test a revised measurement instrument for PSM in 12 countries. Although the resulting four dimensional 16-item measure of PSM reported here provides a better theoretical and empirical foundation for the measurement of PSM, our results suggest that the exact meaning and scaling of PSM dimensions are likely to differ across cultures and languages. These results raise serious concerns regarding the ability to develop a single universal scale of PSM, or making direct comparisons of PSM across countrie
SNHG16 is regulated by the Wnt pathway in colorectal cancer and affects genes involved in lipid metabolism
It is well established that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancer where they have been shown to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. RNA profiling of 314 colorectal adenomas/adenocarcinomas and 292 adjacent normal colon mucosa samples using RNAâsequencing demonstrated that the snoRNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) is significantly upâregulated in adenomas and all stages of CRC. SNHG16 expression was positively correlated to the expression of Wntâregulated transcription factors, including ASCL2, ETS2, and câMyc. In vitro abrogation of Wnt signaling in CRC cells reduced the expression of SNHG16 indicating that SNHG16 is regulated by the Wnt pathway. Silencing of SNHG16 resulted in reduced viability, increased apoptotic cell death and impaired cell migration. The SNHG16 silencing particularly affected expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. A connection between SNHG16 and genes involved in lipid metabolism was also observed in clinical tumors. Argonaute CrossLinking and ImmunoPrecipitation (AGOâCLIP) demonstrated that SNHG16 heavily binds AGO and has 27 AGO/miRNA target sites along its length, indicating that SNHG16 may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) âspongingâ miRNAs off their cognate targets. Most interestingly, half of the miRNA families with high confidence targets on SNHG16 also target the 3âČUTR of StearoylâCoA Desaturase (SCD). SCD is involved in lipid metabolism and is downâregulated upon SNHG16 silencing. In conclusion, upâregulation of SNHG16 is a frequent event in CRC, likely caused by deregulated Wnt signaling. In vitro analyses demonstrate that SNHG16 may play an oncogenic role in CRC and that it affects genes involved in lipid metabolism, possible through ceRNA related mechanisms
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