32 research outputs found
Chemical and structural changes of pretreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) in ionic liquid-cellulase compatible system for fermentability to bioethanol
The pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted using an integrated system of IL and cellulases (IL-E), with simultaneous fermentation in one vessel. The cellulase mixture (PKC-Cel) was derived from Trichoderma reesei by solid-state fermentation. Choline acetate [Cho]OAc was utilized for the pretreatment due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. The treated EFB and its hydrolysate were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were significant structural changes in EFB after the treatment in IL-E system. The sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis by the PKC-Cel was increased from 0.058 g/g of EFB in the crude sample (untreated) to 0.283 and 0.62 ± 06 g/g in IL-E system after 24 and 48 h of treatment, respectively. The EFB hydrolysate showed the eligibility for ethanol production without any supplements where ethanol yield was 0.275 g ethanol/g EFB in the presence of the IL, while lower yield obtained without IL-pretreatment. Moreover, it was demonstrated that furfural and phenolic compounds were not at the level of suppressing the fermentation process
Measurement of radon and xenon binding to a cryptophane molecular host
Xenon and radon have many similar properties, a difference being that all 35 isotopes of radon (195Rn–229Rn) are radioactive. Radon is a pervasive indoor air pollutant believed to cause significant incidence of lung cancer in many geographic regions, yet radon affinity for a discrete molecular species has never been determined. By comparison, the chemistry of xenon has been widely studied and applied in science and technology. Here, both noble gases were found to bind with exceptional affinity to tris-(triazole ethylamine) cryptophane, a previously unsynthesized water-soluble organic host molecule. The cryptophane–xenon association constant, Ka = 42,000 ± 2,000 M-1 at 293 K, was determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. This value represents the highest measured xenon affinity for a host molecule. The partitioning of radon between air and aqueous cryptophane solutions of varying concentration was determined radiometrically to give the cryptophane–radon association constant Ka = 49,000 ± 12,000 M-1 at 293 K
Interaction between rs10830962 polymorphism in MTNR1B and lifestyle intervention on maternal and neonatal outcomes : secondary analyses of the DALI lifestyle randomized controlled trial
Background: Interactions between polymorphisms of the melatonin
receptor 1B (MTNR1B ) gene and lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes have been described. Whether these are specific for
physical activity or the healthy eating intervention is unknown.
Objectives: The aim was to assess the interaction between MTNR1B
rs10830962 and rs10830963 polymorphisms and lifestyle interventions during pregnancy.
Methods: Women with a BMI (in kg/m2) of ≥29 (n = 436)
received counseling on healthy eating (HE), physical activity (PA),
or both. The control group received usual care. This secondary
analysis had a factorial design with comparison of HE compared
with no HE and PA compared with no PA. Maternal outcomes at
24–28 wk were gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal fasting
glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), disposition index,
and development of GDM. Neonatal outcomes were cord blood
leptin and C-peptide and estimated neonatal fat percentage. The
interaction between receiving either the HE or PA intervention and
genotypes of both rs10830962 and rs10830963 was assessed using
multilevel regression analysis.
Results: GDM risk was increased in women homozygous for the G
allele of rs10830962 (OR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.34, 5.06) or rs10830963
(OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.24, 6.47). Significant interactions between
rs10830962 and interventions were found: in women homozygous
for the G allele but not in the other genotypes, the PA intervention
reduced maternal fasting insulin (β: –0.16; 95% CI: –0.33, 0.02;
P = 0.08) and HOMA-IR (β: –0.17; 95% CI: –0.35, 0.01; P = 0.06),
and reduced cord blood leptin (β: –0.84; 95% CI: –1.42, –0.25;
P = 0.01) and C-peptide (β: –0.62; 95% CI: –1.07, –0.17; P = 0.01).
In heterozygous women, the HE intervention had no effect, whereas
in women homozygous for the C allele, HE intervention reduced
GWG (β: −1.6 kg; 95% CI: −2.4, −0.8 kg). No interactions were
found.
Conclusions: In women homozygous for the risk allele of MTNR1B
rs10830962, GDM risk was increased and PA intervention might be
more beneficial than HE intervention for reducing maternal insulin
resistance, cord blood C-peptide, and cord blood leptin