Pengaruh Modernisasi di Turki terhadap Penafsiran Bediuzzaman Said Nursi

This paper describes how the influence of modernization that occurred in Turkey on the interpretation of Said Nursi, who focused on the three important points, i.e. the interpretation on science and technology, the relation of religion and state, and on gender relations. First, for Nursi, science has a neutral nature, because it needs to be appreciated, whether it comes from Islam or from the West. Second, Nursi made formulations that nationalism manifested in the form of blind secularization or excessive Westernization is wrong. Two things above, science and nationalism formula must be an integrated harmony with Islamic values and not detached from local cultural roots. Third, the issue of gender equality and the relation of men-women, for Nursi, must be realized with the aim to mutually, harmonious and dynamic life, not in the form of oppressing and to control each other.DOI: 10.15408/ref.v13i2.90

Pemanfaatan Citra Landsat 8 Multitemporal Untuk Pemetaan Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi Pada Muara Sungai Serayu Jawa Tengah

Alih fungsi lahan pada kawasan Dieng, Kabupaten Wonosobo berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah muatan padatan tersuspensi (MPT) pada muara sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengkaji kemampuan saluran citra Landsat 8 OLI untuk pemetaan distribusi MPT pada muara Sungai Serayu melalui analisis regresi (2) memetakan variasi dan mengkaji pola distribusi MPT pada muara Sungai Serayu. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengestimasi MPT di muara sungai Serayu adalah analisis regresi liniear antara variabel saluran Landsat 8 OLI dan data MPT aktual. Variabel saluran Landsat 8 OLI yang sesuai untuk memetakan konsentrasi MPT adalah penisbahan antara saluran hijau dan saluran biru atau B3/B2 dengan kesalahan standar yang dihasilkan ± 4,59 mg/l untuk setiap nilai piksel yang diestimasi. Distribusi MPT 2013 sampai 2015 cenderung mengarah ke perairan tenggara muara Sungai Serayu akibat kondisi hidrodinamika seperti pasang surut, arus permukaan dan fenomena upwelling. Pola distribusi MPT cenderung fluktuatif namun terjadi penurunan konsentrasi dari tahun ketahun

Factors affecting patient satisfaction with the psychiatric ward round: Retrospective cross-sectional study

AIMS AND METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed to patients in a psychiatric hospital in Birmingham, UK, to identify the factors that affect their satisfaction with the ward round. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 42 patients (53% response rate). Waiting time was the only variable to be significantly correlated with total score of patient satisfaction. Regression analysis also identified diagnosis and patients meeting their consultant before the first ward round as significant predictors of patient satisfaction. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Reducing waiting time and ensuring that the consultant meets the patient before the first ward round would make a significant improvement to the in-patient experience, without causing much disruption to standard clinical practice

Acne Keloidalis Nuchae: A Staged Reconstruction.

Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a chronic scarring folliculitis that affects the occipital area. It is characterized by papule and pustule formation which eventually leads to tumor-like mass. Early cases can be managed by medical treatment that may require months, and, usually, lesions recur. In more severe cases, surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. In our case, we proposed a staged approach when dealing with advanced stages of AKN. This includes deep excision of the lesion down to deep subcutaneous tissue with application of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for a week followed by resurfacing of the resultant defect with a split-thickness skin graft and NPWT for another week. This approach achieved quicker wound healing with no recurrence compared with other techniques such as healing by secondary intention. To our knowledge, this case is one of the most extensive cases published in the literature

Nano-risk Science: application of toxicogenomics in an adverse outcome pathway framework for risk assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

BACKGROUND: A diverse class of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exhibiting a wide array of physical-chemical properties that are associated with toxicological effects in experimental animals is in commercial use. However, an integrated framework for human health risk assessment (HHRA) of ENMs has yet to be established. Rodent 2-year cancer bioassays, clinical chemistry, and histopathological endpoints are still considered the ‘gold standard’ for detecting substance-induced toxicity in animal models. However, the use of data derived from alternative toxicological tools, such as genome-wide expression profiling and in vitro high-throughput assays, are gaining acceptance by the regulatory community for hazard identification and for understanding the underlying mode-of-action. Here, we conducted a case study to evaluate the application of global gene expression data in deriving pathway-based points of departure (PODs) for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-induced lung fibrosis, a non-cancer endpoint of regulatory importance. METHODS: Gene expression profiles from the lungs of mice exposed to three individual MWCNTs with different physical-chemical properties were used within the framework of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for lung fibrosis to identify key biological events linking MWCNT exposure to lung fibrosis. Significantly perturbed pathways were categorized along the key events described in the AOP. Benchmark doses (BMDs) were calculated for each perturbed pathway and were used to derive transcriptional BMDs for each MWCNT. RESULTS: Similar biological pathways were perturbed by the different MWCNT types across the doses and post-exposure time points studied. The pathway BMD values showed a time-dependent trend, with lower BMDs for pathways perturbed at the earlier post-exposure time points (24 h, 3d). The transcriptional BMDs were compared to the apical BMDs derived by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) using alveolar septal thickness and fibrotic lesions endpoints. We found that regardless of the type of MWCNT, the BMD values for pathways associated with fibrosis were 14.0–30.4 μg/mouse, which are comparable to the BMDs derived by NIOSH for MWCNT-induced lung fibrotic lesions (21.0–27.1 μg/mouse). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that transcriptomic data can be used to as an effective mechanism-based method to derive acceptable levels of exposure to nanomaterials in product development when epidemiological data are unavailable. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0125-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

A location-aware framework for intelligent real-time mobile applications

The Location-Aware Information Systems Client (LAISYC) supports intelligent, real-time, mobile applications for GPS-enabled mobile phones by dynamically adjusting platform parameters for application performance while conserving device resources such as battery life

Uncertainties and opportunities in delivering environmentally sustainable surgery:the surgeons' view

Surgery is a carbon‐heavy activity and creates a high volume of waste. Surgical teams around the world want to deliver more environmentally sustainable surgery but are unsure what to do and how to create change. There are many interventions available, but resources and time are limited. Capital investment into healthcare and engagement of senior management are challenging. However, frontline teams can change behaviours and drive wider change. Patients have a voice here too, as they would like to ensure their surgery does not harm their local community but are concerned about the effects on them when changes are made. Environmentally sustainable surgery is at the start of its journey. Surgeons need to rapidly upskill their generic knowledge base, identify which measures they can implement locally and take part in national research programmes. Surgical teams in the NHS have the chance to create a world‐leading programme that can bring change to hospitals around the world. This article provides an overview of how surgeons see the surgical team being involved in environmentally sustainable surgery

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades

Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. This conclusion is supported by additional polymorphisms shared by clade 2.2 isolates in Egypt and Germany