Comparing school nurses' roles in supporting children who are bullied.

This systematic literature review explores the role of school nurses n helping children being bullied in three countries, Norway, Scotland and the United States (US). Comparisons were made of the way school nurses were trained and employed to better understand how this reflects their roles and responsibilities within the context of bullying among school children. Different systems used to support children affected by bullying were explored and examples of good practice shared. The challenges faced by school nurses due to their limited numbers compared to pupils they support was a common phenomenon in all three countries. This in itself challenges school nurses to explore more creative ways of working to ensure that the needs of school children are being met. Recommendations were made on possible cross-cultural research that can explore existing best practice creating a community of learning. This systematic literature review could provide a starting point for futurecollaborations in this field

Patient-reported outcome measures in children, adolescents, and young adults with palliative care needs—a scoping review

Abstract Background Measuring outcomes facilitates evaluation of palliative services for children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYAs) with life-limiting and/or life-threatening (LL/LT) conditions. Implementation of patient-reported, proxy-reported, or patient-centered outcome measures (hereafter PROMs) is recommended to ensure palliative services. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of PROMs relevant for CAYAs living with LL/LT conditions eligible for pediatric palliative care (PPC). Methods Arksey and O’Malley’s 6-stage scoping review framework was used to guide the review. The identified citations had to report on PROMs in any context including CAYAs with LL/LT conditions up to 25 years of age. A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and AMED took place in January 2021 and was updated in June 2022. Citations were screened independently by pairs of researchers. The scoping review protocol was registered, and peer-review published. Results Of 3690 identified citations, 98 reports were included, of which the majority were from Western countries and about PROMs in CAYAs living with cancer or organ failure. A total of 80 PROMs were identified, assessing a range of phenomena, where quality of life and symptoms (especially pain) during the stage of ongoing care were the most frequent. There were only a few reports about outcome measures at time of diagnosis or in end-of-life care. CAYAs self-reported on the PROMs or collaborated with their parents in about half of the reports, while the remaining had proxies answering on behalf of the CAYAs. In the identified reports, PROMs were used to characterize a sample through cross-sectional or longitudinal research, and less often to assess effects of interventions. Conclusion The identified PROMs in the CAYA population eligible for PPC is characterized by studies in high-income countries during ongoing care, primarily in patients with cancer or organ failure. More research is needed in patients living with other LL/LT conditions, and during different stages of the disease course, especially at time of diagnosis, during transition to adulthood, and in end-of-life care. This scoping review of PROMs relevant for young patients eligible for PPC may inform future research about patient-/proxy-reported or patient-centered outcome measures in PPC. Trial registration Review registration: ( https://osf.io/yfch2/ ) and published protocol (Holmen et al. Syst Rev. 10:237, 2021)

A systematic review of quality of life research in medicine and health sciences

PURPOSE: Quality of life (QOL) is an important concept in the field of health and medicine. QOL is a complex concept that is interpreted and defined differently within and between disciplines, including the fields of health and medicine. The aims of this study were to systematically review the literature on QOL in medicine and health research and to describe the country of origin, target groups, instruments, design, and conceptual issues. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify research studies on QOL and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The databases Scopus, which includes Embase and MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for articles published during one random week in November 2016. The ten predefined criteria of Gill and Feinstein were used to evaluate the conceptual and methodological rigor. RESULTS: QOL research is international and involves a variety of target groups, research designs, and QOL measures. According to the criteria of Gill and Feinstein, the results show that only 13% provided a definition of QOL, 6% distinguished QOL from HRQOL. The most frequently fulfilled criteria were: (i) stating the domains of QOL to be measured; (ii) giving a reason for choosing the instruments used; and (iii) aggregating the results from multiple items. CONCLUSION: QOL is an important endpoint in medical and health research, and QOL research involves a variety of patient groups and different research designs. Based on the current evaluation of the methodological and conceptual clarity of QOL research, we conclude that the majority QOL studies in health and medicine have conceptual and methodological challenges.status: publishe